Пољопривредни факултет [Научни радови] / Faculty of Agriculture [Scientific papers]

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A Comparative Analysis of Thin-Layer Microwave and Microwave/Convective Dehydration of Chokeberry
(MDPI, 2023) Petković, Marko; Filipović, Vladimir; Lončar, Biljana; Filipović, Jelena; Miletić, Nemanja; Malešević, Zoranka; Jevremović, Darko
Due to high water content, chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa L.) are perishable. Therefore, energy-saving, combined drying technologies have been explored to improve the chokeberry drying. The combined microwave and the traditional convective drying method (MCD) have significantly enhanced the drying effectiveness, efficiency, and energy utilization rate and improved product quality. The MCD method, which implies the microwave power (MD) of 900 W for 9 s and the convective dehydration (CD) at 230 C for 12 s, has the shortest dehydration time t (24 2 min), has the maximum coefficient of diffusion (Deff = 6.0768 10􀀀9 5.9815 10􀀀11 m2 s􀀀1), and represents the most energy effective for dehydration process (Emin = 0.382 0.036 kWh). A higher waterholding capacity (WHC) characterized the chokeberries obtained by the MCD method compared to the regular microwave method (MD). The mildest MCD (15 s of MD on 900 W, 7 s of CD on 180 C) could dehydrate chokeberries with the highest WHC (685.71 40.86 g H2O g􀀀1 d.m.) and the greatest evaluations for sensory attributes in terms of all properties. The results of this study provide the drying behavior of chokeberries that can help develop efficient drying methods and improve existing ones.
An Overview of the Emergence of Plant Pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ in Europe
(MDPI, 2023) Trkulja, Vojislav; Tomić, Andrija; Matić, Slavica; Trkulja, Nenad; Iličić, Renata; Popović Milovanović, Tatjana
In this paper, a comprehensive overview of the ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ presence in Europe was provided. The analyzed findings revealed that, since the first appearance of this pathogen in Finland and Spain in 2008, it has spread to 13 new European countries. Therefore, Ca. L. solanacearum’ has spread very quickly across the European continent, as evident from the emergence of new host plants within the Apiaceae, Urticaceae, and Polygonaceae families, as well as new haplotypes of this pathogen. Thus far, 5 of the 15 ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ haplotypes determined across the globe have been confirmed in Europe (haplotypes C, D, E, U, and H). Fully competent ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ vectors include Bactericera cockerelli, Trioza apicalis, and B. trigonica; however, only T. apicalis and B. trigonica are presently established in Europe and are very important for plants from the Apiaceae family in particular. Moreover, psyllid species such as B. tremblayi, T. urticae, and T. anthrisci have also been confirmed positive for ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’. Constant monitoring of its spread in the field (in both symptomatic and asymptomatic plants), use of sensitive molecular diagnostic techniques, and application of timely management strategies are, therefore, of utmost importance for the control of this destructive pathogen.
ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF SELECTED PLANT SPECIES OF THE BORAGINACEAE FAMILY
(Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Montenegro, 2021) BOŠKOVIĆ, Ivana; ĐUKIĆ, Dragutin; MANDIĆ, Leka; MAŠKOVIĆ, Pavle; GOVEDARICA-LUČIĆ, Aleksandra
Antioxidant activity is one of the most important properties of plant extracts. Antioxidants from natural sources have been intensively studied in the last few decades. The antioxidant contents of medicinal plants may contribute to the protection of diseases. Bioactive components of plants have a potential role in chemoprevention and inhibition of different phases of the malignant transformation process. Therefore, plant extracts and essential oils are in the focus of research, and in recent decades have been tested on a large number of malignant cell lines. The aim of this study was to examine antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of selected plant species from the Boraginaceae family. Determination of antioxidant activity was performed by ammonium-thiocyanate method. Testing citotoxic activity was performed by MTT test on cancer cell lines: HEP 2c (human larynx carcinoma), RD (human cell line-rhabdomyosarcoma) and L2OB (mouse tumor fibroblast line). The best antioxidant activity showed ethanol, acetone and chloroform extracts of Anchusa officinalis, Echium vulgare and Echium italicum. The tested extracts showed an inhibitory effect on cancer cells, but chloroform and acetone extracts of all three plant had the most effective effect on L2OB cells. Isolation of individual active components from this plants and their testing for cancer cells would be of great importance for this field of research.
Assessing landslide susceptibility in northern Morocco: A geostatistical mapping approach in Al Hoceima-Ajdir
(Elsevier, 2024) Sbihi, Ayyoub; Mastere, Mohamed; Benzougagh, Brahim; Spalevic, Velibor; Sestras, Paul; Radovic, Mirjana; Marković, Slobodan B.; Jaufer, Lizny; Kader, Shuraik
Landslides are a significant global risk due to their impact on nature, society, and the economy. The Al Hoceima-Ajdir region is highly susceptible to geohazards such as earthquakes and ground instabilities caused by local tectonic movements and specific climatic and geomorphological conditions. This study aims to assess landslide susceptibility in Al Hoceima-Ajdir using a digital mapping approach that integrates the geostatistical Frequency Ratio tool, geomatic tools, and field observations. The frequency ratio method, a widely used technique in geospatial analysis, evaluates the relative frequency of landslides based on the spatial distribution of conditioning factors such as slope, lithology and land use – land cover. This method calculates the ratio of the frequency of landslides within specific classes of these factors to their respective frequencies in the entire study area. This research introduces a novel susceptibility map highlighting major threats to several natural and touristic sites crucial to the region’s socio-economic activities. The susceptibility map was developed by analyzing 40 historical landslides along various predisposing factors, including topographic, geo-hydrological, and anthropogenic parameters. The results identify areas prone to landslides and classify their susceptibility into five levels ranging from very high to very low, with each level indicating a different degree of risk and requiring a specific set of preventive measures. The reliability of this map was evaluated using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) method, demonstrating a high accuracy of 89%, further validated by field visits. This high-precision susceptibility map is significant for pre- and post-risk management, enhancing prevention and mitigation strategies. It also protects society, the economy, and the environment by providing a reliable regional planning and hazard management tool. The findings of this study offer a significant advancement in the methodology for landslide susceptibility assessment and present a model that can be adapted to other regions facing similar geohazards. The research underscores the importance of integrating geostatistical tools with field data to produce accurate and actionable susceptibility maps, benefitting the global scientific community by improving hazard prediction and management strategies.
Assessment of household food waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia: a cross-sectional online survey
(Springer, 2022) Berjan, Sinisa; Vaško, Željko; Ben Hassen, Tarek; El Bilali, Hamid; Allahyari, Mohammad S.; Tomić, Vedran; Radosavac, Adriana
The Serbian government has taken several measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. These measures may have led to a disruption of daily life and affected food-related behaviors. This paper investigates the state of food waste management in Serbia and COVID-19’s direct effect on consumer awareness, food consumption, and food waste behaviors. The study is based on an online survey using a structured questionnaire administered in Serbian from May 13 until June 13, 2020, through the Google forms platform. A total of 1212 valid answers were collected, mainly from female, young, and high-educated people. The survey results suggested that (i) household food waste in Serbia is low and there is a positive attitude toward food waste prevention; (ii) food waste increased during the COVID-19 pandemic; (iii) consumers reduced the number of shopping trips and shopped more than usual during the pandemic. This study contributes to a better understanding of consumers’ consumption habits and attitudes toward food waste to prevent and reduce it.
ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF THE WORK OF TRACTOR AGGREGATES DURING BASIC TILLAGE
(University of Montenegro, 2024) MALIČEVIĆ, Zoran; JUGOVIĆ, Milan; OMEROVIĆ, Zuhdija; ĐOKIĆ, Milena
A plow is a tool used to perform basic cultivation of soil in order to restore the arable soil layer. The quality of its execution is one of the most important factors that ensures the stable production of plant crops. With a well-executed basic tillage, the same plot is of the appropriate structure, which implies minimal energy consumption for pre-sowing preparation. The research was conducted in field conditions, and it included basic parameters that were an indicator of the productivity of machine and human work. The Zetor Forterra tractor has an installed power of 100.02 kW and is in operation for the first time. The goal of the research is to examine the possibility of adjusting basic parameters in order to increase the quality and productivity of work. The results obtained in this research indicate that despite the good conditions of exploitation of tractor aggregates, the effects that should be provided by new, modern mechanization during intensive production have not been achieved in practice. It is necessary to pay special attention to parameters such as: coefficient of utilization of the work scope, shift efficiency, and productivity of machine and human work.
ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOUR OF BOSNIAN HOUSEHOLDS TOWARDS FOOD WASTE
(Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Montenegro, 2020) VAŠKO, Željko; BERJAN, Siniša; EL BILALI, Hamid; ALLAHYARI, Mohammad Sadegh; OSTOJIĆ, Aleksandar; BOTTALICO, Francesco; DEBS, Philipp; CAPONE, Roberto
In order to determine the amount and value of food waste, a regional survey was carried out, among others, in the Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), at the beginning of 2016. A number of 581 respondents participated in on-line survey and their answers were processed using descriptive statistics and dual-non-parametric test. The results of the research were presented according to logical units: socio-economic characteristics of households; general habits when buying food; attitude toward food products shelf life; attitude toward food waste and factors of rational use of food. Most households in BiH prepare meals at home, and do not often eat in a restaurant or buy ready-made food. Food is mostly purchased in supermarkets and hypermarkets and about half of the respondents discard less than 0.5 kg of food weekly, the value of which is less than 5 euros. The above and other results suggest that food waste in BiH is still not a big problem, which is a consequence of the tradition and way of life, but also of low living standard.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY
(Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Montenegro, 2020) EL BILALI, Hamid; BASSOLE, Imaël Henri Nestor; DAMBO, Lawali; BERJAN, Sinisa
Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges facing humanity in the Anthropocene era. It is widely admitted that climate change will have far-reaching impacts including on food security. Therefore, this review paper analyses the multifaceted relations between climate change and food security. In particular, the paper explores the impacts of climate change on the four dimensions of food security (i.e. food availability, food access, food utilization, stability). It draws upon a review of scholarly literature indexed in the Web of Science. The analysis of the literature shows that there is a dual relationship between climate change and food security; on the one hand, climate change affects all the dimensions of food security and, on the other hand, the quest for food security has implications in terms of climate change. As for food availability and supply, climate change is widely believed to reduce crop yields and livestock productivity especially in the countries of the Global South. Effects on food production and availability as well as the impacts of extreme climate events affect both food physical and economic accessibility. The changes in production systems induced by climate change may induce changes in dietary patterns and food utilization. Climate change will also affect the stability and resilience of food systems with consequences in terms of long-term food security. Moreover, the quest for food security, through agricultural intensification and agricultural land expansion, increases greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and land use changes. The intricate relation between climate change and food security makes the case for integrated policies that maximise co-benefits while addressing trade-offs. That is fundamental to make sure that ‘climate action’ will not jeopardize the achievement of ‘zero hunger’ and vice-versa.
Comparative analysis of phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant content in root vegetables from organic and conventional production
(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2023) Malešević, Zoranka; Jovović, Mirjana; Govedarica-Lučić, Aleksandra; Petković, Marko
Vegetables and their products have a low caloric value. Root vegetables are rich in bioactive compounds such flavonoids, polyphenolic acids, carotenoids. It also contains a some percentage of other functional components that can significantly affect human health.In order to achieve a high yield, excessive fertilization with nitrogen fertilizer is performed, which worsens the quality of vegetables. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact cultivation system on the content of total phenolics and flavonoids, as well as a comparative assessment of their antioxidant activity in selected samples of vegetables. The antioxidant activity was studied using DPPH, and ABTS assays. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extracts were determined using Folin-Ciocalteuand and Aluminium chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. The highest content of total phenolics was determined for parsley from conventional production (427.38 mg GAE/100 g fresh sample), parsley from organic production the richest source of flavonoids (54.92 mg GAE/100 g fresh sample). Other samples of vegetables from conventional production had a lower flavonoid content compared to organic production. It was confirmed that the antioxidant activity of the analyzed vegetables in the maximum correlation with the content of total phenolics (R2 = 1). Organic samples of vegetables were characterized by a significantly higher content of flavonoids compared to vegetables grown conventionally. Organic production could be a good method to increase the concentration of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties in vegetables.
Comparative study of seed yield and seed quality of advanced lines and commercial varieties of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, India, 2017) Petkovic, Borislav; Przulj, Novo; Radic, Vojo; Mirosavljevic, Milan
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the most important forage legumes in areas with acidic and nutrient poorer soils where alfalfa fails to growth. In 2010-2011 years period we studied four advanced lines and four commercial varieties of red clover, which are widely used in the production in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Our results showed that the variation in grain yield, thousand kernel weight and germination energy was under control of growth. Across genotypes seed yield in 2010 and 2011 was 205 and 223 kg ha-1, respectively. The highest yield of seed was obtained from second growth in the second year. Extreme precipitation during anthesis and grain filling and ripening in 2010 negatively affected red clover seed production. Advanced line DS-2 had the highest grain yield (234 kg ha-1) and thousand kernel weight (1.75 g). Low seeds yields of the tested genotypes are questioning the cost-effectiveness of red clover seed production at this site.
COMPARISON OF STAND STRUCTURE IN MANAGED AND VIRGIN EUROPEAN BEECH FORESTS IN SERBIA
(Croatian Forestry Society, 2018) MATOVIĆ, Bratislav; KOPRIVICA, Miloš; KISIN, Bratislav; STOJANOVIĆ, Dejan; KNEGINJIĆ, Igor; STJEPANOVIĆ, Stefan
This study presents results of the comparison of structural and production characteristics of managed and virgin European beech forests in Serbia. Five managed and three virgin European beech stands were studied. The aim of this research was to determine the impact of the previous forest management on the structural diversity and production characteristics of managed European beech high forests in Serbia. The observed stands are located in the mountainous range of 400 to 1200 meters above sea level in the areas with the most productive beech forests in Serbia. Structural characteristics were compared using the following parameters: Height curves, Diameter distribution, Gini index, Coefficient of variation, Slenderness coefficient and maximum dimensions of standing living and dead trees. Stand density and productive characteristics were studied using the following forest estimation elements: number of trees, basal area, volume, biomass, carbon stock, stand quadratic mean diameter, Lorey’s mean height and volume of dead wood. The greatest differences were found in the dimensions of the largest trees in managed and virgin beech forests (diameters at breast height and heights). Certain differences were found in the shape of Height curves and Diameter distribution and in the values of Slenderness coefficient. However, the Gini index and the Coefficient of variation show that these managed beech forests in Serbia substantially preserve the primeval structural diversity. The differences in the average value of most forest estimation elements of managed beech high forests in Serbia compared to virgin beech forests are statistically significant, which tells us that the previous management had a significant impact on the changes in the production characteristics of these forests in Serbia.
CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS AND MARKET POTENTIAL FOR REINTRODUCTION OF TRADITIONAL WHEAT VARIETIES IN MONTENEGRO
(University of Montenegro, 2023) VELIMIROVIĆ, Ana; JOVOVIĆ, Zoran; BERJAN, Siniša; EL BILALI, Hamid
Local and organic food purchase is frequently associated with consumer motivation to protect environmental, animal, and human health and support local communities and cultural traditions. Crop genetic resources, particularly traditional varieties, have been significantly eroded by the introduction of modern, high-yielding varieties in the last half of the 20th century. This was particularly relevant for staple crops, which include wheat. Omitting the understanding of why the genetic erosion of agricultural crops occurred, through this study we gave an insight into consumer preferences for traditional products and local wheat varieties. The random survey examined 1178 different profiles and their consuming habits with the aim of assessing their preferences and the possibility of reintroduction of wheat landraces in Montenegro. Public opinion polls confirmed the negative perception on genetically modified organisms (GMOs), pesticides, and intensive production, as 90.2% of the consumers would prefer to have their own production, consider as safer alternative compared to conventional production. It is promising that 94.5% of the respondents would rather buy bread produced from a local wheat variety than from a modern, imported variety, while 88.8% of the respondents would pay a higher price for flour, bread, and other products from local varieties. If engaged in agricultural production, respondents rated production using traditional plant varieties very positively, aiming to produce authentic, local products (78.5%). Such attitudes open the possibility of reintroduction of traditional wheat varieties on the market and encourage policy revision in order to pay more attention to traditional wheat varieties.
CORRELATION BETWEEN THE MASS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF EGG STRUCTURE IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF LAYING HENS
(Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Montenegro, 2019) ŽDRALIĆ, Tatjana; NIKITOVIĆ, Jelena
In order to determine the characteristic structure of consumer eggs of light line hybrids Isa Brown, and the correlation links between the eggs mass and the examined characteristics, the research was conducted on the eggs taken from the private farm "Poljoprom" in Vojkovici, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The eggs were taken from three periods of production cycle, 20th, 28th and 48th week of age of laying hens. In these periods, using random sample method, the appropriate number of eggs was taken for a detailed examination, analysis and statistical processing of eggs structure characteristics. During the production cycle the hens were raised in modern facilities and adequate technology was used for each particular aspect of production with all technological phases automatically regulated. Along with the age of laying hens, the absolute value of the eggs structure (the mass of the shell and the membrane, egg whites and egg yolks) are usually statistically increased at the level of P < 0.01, except at the mass of the shell of laying hens in 48th week of age, where the significance was absent. The largest relative share of shell (14.41%) was in full production, 28th week of age (WA28), and the smallest (11.80%) in the middle of the production (WA48). Between WA20 and WA28, the differences in relative part of the shell were not statistically confirmed, while other differences were statistically significant at the level of P < 0.01. The largest share of egg whites in the mass of the egg was in WA48 (62.56%), and the lowest in WA28 (60.89%). The largest share of egg yolk (26.80%) was at the peak of production (WA48), and the smallest (22.50%) at the beginning of the production (WA20). All differences in terms of the share of egg yolks and egg whites were statistically confirmed
DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF ALTERNATIVE SMALL GRAINS IN ORGANIC FARMING
(2014) KOVACEVIC, Dušan Dj.; ROLJEVIC, Svetlana; DOLIJANOVIC, Željko; DJORDJEVIC, Snežana; MILIC, Vesna
The main objectives were to examine different genotypes of alternative small grains important for food technology in organic farming conditions on morphological and productive characteristics. Four genotypes of different alternative small grains were included in the trial. Three of them were chosen for specific usage in food technology compact wheat Bambi - Triticum aestivum L. ssp. compactum, spelt Nirvana (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. spelta), durum wheat Durumko- (Triticum durum L.), and one which leads as a genotype for intensive conventional common wheat production in Serbia - NS 40S (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. vulgare). Plots were fertilized with biohumus "Royal ofert" (30 t ha-1) applied in autumn with basic tillage and microbial fertilizer "Slavol" ad as in spring foliar treatment in full tillering (5 l ha-1). Alternative small grains durum wheat and compact wheat except splet gives lower grain yield in organic condition compared with comercial cultivar for high-input NS-40S.
Distance1D – a protein proile analytical program designed for fungal taxonomy
(Mycotaxon, 2015) Materić, Dušan; Kukavica, Biljana; Vukojević, Jelena
Taxonomic analysis of macromycete fruiting bodies is a challenging task that utilizes morphological, biochemical, and molecular methods. Many biochemical and molecular methods have been developed to test or conirm identiications or phylogenetic positions independently of morphological data. SDS electrophoresis has been shown to be a good biochemical method for protein separation. Although protein proiles can be analyzed by commercially available sotware, there is no sotware designed speciically for fungal taxonomic research. We have developed an open source portable program that uses protein proiles of fungal fruiting bodies to calculate relative diferences between species for use in generating to generate more accurate phylogenetic trees.
Editorial: COVID-19 pandemic, food behaviour and consumption patterns
(Frontiers, 2022) Ben Hassen, Tarek; El Bilali, Hamid; Allahyari, Mohammad S.; Berjan, Sinisa
EFFECT OF BEAN CULTIVARS ON SOIL MICROORGANISMS
(Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, 2018) Petrović, Bojana; Đurić, Simonida; Vasić. Mirjana; Tunguz, Vesna; Pokluda, Robert
The aim of this study was to determine the microbiological activity in soil under beans in organic and conventional production. Organic production was conducted on the field in the village Pivnice (Serbia), while conventional production was conducted in the village Curug (Serbia) during 2014 on the chernosem type soil. Cultivars of beans Belko, Dvadesetica, Maksa, Slavonac, Sremac, Zlatko were used. Before sowing, the bean seeds were inoculated by biofertilizers NS-Nitragin. NS-Nitragin contains a mixture of selected strains of symbiotic bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli. The total number of actinomycetes, ammonifiers, Azotobacter, bacteria and fungi were determined. At the end of vegetation period in conventional production the highest number of actinomycetes (5.83) and fungi (4.87) was recorded in cultivar Dvadesetica. In organic production the highest number of ammonifires was in cultivar Sremac (9.91). The highest number of bacteria was in cultivar Dvadesetica (9.08) and the highest number of fungi was in cultivar Zlatko (5.14). The results have shown that number of microorganisms was higher in organic production.
Effect of Ripening in Brine and in a Vacuum on Protein, Fatty Acid and Mineral Profiles, and Antioxidant Potential of Reduced-Fat White Cheese
(2021) Barać, Miroljub; Sarić, Zlatan; Vučić, Tanja; Sredović Ignjatović , Ivana; Milinčić, Danijel; Špirović Trifunović, Bojana; Smiljanić, Milenko
Research background. Numerous factors affect the ripening of reduced-fat white cheese. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of ripening environment (brine or vacuum plastic bags without brine) on the chemical composition, protein, fatty acid profile and mineral content as well as antioxidant properties of industrially produced reduced- fat white cheese. Experimental approach. A low-fat white cheese was manufactured on an industrial scale from milk that remained after the production of kajmak and ripened for 60 days at 4 °C after packaging in a polystyrene container with brine containing 6 % salt or in vacuum-sealed polyethylene bags. The influence of ripening environment on proteolysis was monitored by the change of soluble nitrogen fractions as well as by sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane-HCl extracts of cheese proteins under non-reducing conditions and water-soluble fractions under reducing conditions. An effect that ripening environment had on fatty acid and mineral content was also monitored. The change of antioxidant potential of the investigated cheese during ripening led to the change of iron(II) chelating ability, reducing power and free-radical scavenging activity. Results and conclusions. The ripening environment differently affected proteolysis, fatty acid composition, mineral profile and antioxidant properties of reduced-fat white cheese. White cheese ripened in brine had more intensive proteolytic changes than the cheese ripened in a vacuum, but also more intensive diffusion processes, especially between the 40th and 60th day of ripening. The brine-ripened cheese had higher values of water-soluble nitrogen content, but lower contents of trichloroacetic acid-soluble and phosphotungstic acid-soluble nitrogen than the vacuum-ripened cheese. Cheese ripened in brine had a lower content of almost all investigated macro- and microelements. After 60 days of ripening, in cheese ripened in brine only myristic (C14:0) and palmitic acid (C16:0) were detected, whereas in the vacuum-ripened cheese C10:0-C16:0 fatty acids dominated. Vacuum-ripened reduced-fat cheese had more favourable reducing power, while white brined reduced-fat cheese had better radical scavenging activity and iron(II) chelating activity. Novelty and scientific contribution. These results suggest significant influence of ripening conditions (immersion in brine or in vacuum-sealed polyethylene bags) on nutritive and functional properties of reduced-fat white cheese. Ripening in a vacuum has become a useful method for obtaining high-value reduced-fat white cheese.
EFFECT OF SALINITY AND DROUGHT STRESS ON GERMINATION AND EARLY SEEDLINGS GROWTH OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
(Society of Geneticists of Serbia, Belgrade, 2018) JOVOVIĆ, Mirjana; TUNGUZ, Vesna; MIROSAVLJEVIĆ, Milan; PRŽULJ, Novo
Salinity is one of the most important environmental stresses that limits soil fertility and has adverse effects on plant growth. In order to increase wheat production under saline conditions, it is necessary to better understand genotypic difference, the physiological and biochemical processes of salt tolerance in wheat. The aim of this study was to determine the most tolerant winter wheat varieties against salinity and osmotic stress at germination stage and early seedlings growth. The salinity and osmotic stress were simulated in controlled environmental conditions by adding different concentrations of NaCl and mannitol solution to the growing media of five winter wheat variety. In all studied varieties the benchmark water potential in which they had germinated and had a good seedlings growth was of -0.3MPa. Under the stronger stress, -0.6 MPa, all varieties showed reduction in the all examined parameters. The variety Bosanka, had the highest final germination and germination energy under both mannitol and salt stress treatments. The parameters defining the development or percentage of strong seeds, coleoptile and root length, fresh and dry weight of root and coleoptile of a seed were more affected by water deficit stress and salt stress than germination and germination energy. Biplot analysis showed that wheat cultivars grown under -0.6MPa osmotic had higher values of root/coleoptile ratio in relation to control and -0.3MPa treatment which is the most reliable for screening properties of the genotypes for drought resistance in seedling stage.
Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect
(Wiley, 2022) del Río, Miren; Pretzsch, Hans; Ruiz-Peinad, Ricardo; Jactel, Hervé; Coll, Lluís; Löf, Magnus; Aldea, Jorge; Ammer, Christian; Avdagić, Admir; Barbeito, Ignacio; Bielak, Kamil; Bravo, Felipe; Brazaitis, Gediminas; Cerný, Jakub; Collet, Catherine; Condés, Sonia; Drössler, Lars; Fabrika, Marek; Heym, Michael; Holm, Stig-Olof; Hylen, Gro; Jansons, Aris; Kurylyak, Viktor; Lombardi, Fabio; Matović, Bratislav; Metslaid, Marek; Motta, Renzo; Nord-Larsen, Thomas; Nothdurft, Arne; den Ouden, Jan; Pach, Maciej; Pardos,Marta; Poeydebat, Charlotte; Ponette, Quentin; Pérot, Tomas; Reventlow, Ditlev Otto Juel; Sitko, Roman; Sramek, Vit; Steckel, Mathias; Svoboda, Miroslav; Verheyen, Kris; Vospernik, Sonja; Wolff, Barbara; Zlatanov, Tzvetan; Bravo-Oviedo, Andrés
1. The increasing disturbances in monocultures around the world are testimony to their instability under global change. Many studies have claimed that temporal stability of productivity increases with species richness, although the ecological fundamentals have mainly been investigated through diversity experiments. To adequately manage forest ecosystems, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the effect of mixing species on the temporal stability of productivity and the way in which it is influenced by climate conditions across large geographical areas. 2. Here, we used a unique dataset of 261 stands combining pure and two-species mixtures of four relevant tree species over a wide range of climate conditions in Europe to examine the effect of species mixing on the level and temporal stability of productivity. Structural equation modelling was employed to further explore the direct and indirect influence of climate, overyielding, species asynchrony and additive effect (i.e. temporal stability expected from the species growth in monospecific stands) on temporal stability in mixed forests. 3. We showed that by adding only one tree species to monocultures, the level (overyielding:+6%) and stability (temporal stability: +12%) of stand growth increased significantly. We identified the key effect of temperature on destabilizing stand growth, which may be mitigated by mixing species. We further confirmed asynchrony as the main driver of temporal stability in mixed stands, through both the additive effect and species interactions, which modify between-species asynchrony in mixtures in comparison to monocultures. 4. Synthesis and applications. This study highlights the emergent properties associated with mixing two species, which result in resource efficient and temporally stable production systems. We reveal the negative impact of mean temperature on temporal stability of forest productivity and how the stabilizing effect of mixing two species can counterbalance this impact. The overyielding and temporal stability of growth addressed in this paper are essential for ecosystem services closely linked with the level and rhythm of forest growth. Our results underline that mixing two species can be a realistic and effective nature-based climate solution, which could contribute towards meeting EU climate target policies.

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