Recovery of Rare Earth Elements through Spent NdFeB Magnet Oxidation (First Part)

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dc.citation.spage1464
dc.citation.volume12
dc.contributor.authorStopic, Srecko
dc.contributor.authorPolat, Buse
dc.contributor.authorChung, Hanwen
dc.contributor.authorEmil-Kaya, Elif
dc.contributor.authorSmiljanić, Slavko
dc.contributor.authorGürmen, Sebahattin
dc.contributor.authorFriedrich, Bernd
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-10T07:42:53Z
dc.date.available2023-05-10T07:42:53Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractDue to their remarkable magnetic properties, such as a high maximum energy product, high remanence, and high coercivity, NdFeB magnets are used in a variety of technological applications. Because of their very limited recycling, high numbers of spent NdFeB magnets are widely available in the market. In addition to China’s monopoly on the supply of most rare earth elements, there is a need for the recovery of these critical metals, as their high import price poses an economic and environmental challenge for manufacturers. This paper proposes a pyrometallurgical recycling method for end-of-life NdFeB magnets by oxidizing them in air as first required step. The main goal of this method is to oxidize rare earth elements from NdFeB magnets in order to prepare them for the carbothermic reduction. The experimental conditions, such as the oxidation temperature and time, were studied in order to establish the phase transformation during oxidation using the Factsage Database and experimental conditions. Our thermogravimetric analysis TGA analysis revealed an increased sample mass by 35% between room temperature and 1100 C, which is very close to the total calculated theoretical value of oxygen (36.8% for all elements, and only 3.6% for rare earth elements REE), confirming the complete oxidation of the material. The obtained quantitative analysis of the oxidation product, in (%), demonstrated values of 53.41 Fe2O3, 10.37 Fe3O4; 16.45 NdFeO3; 0.45 Nd2O3, 1.28 Dy2O3, 1.07 Pr2O3, and 5.22 -Fe
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/met12091464
dc.identifier.urihttps://vaseljena.ues.rs.ba/handle/123456789/118
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.sourceMetals
dc.subjectrecycling; oxidation; rare earth elements; magnets
dc.titleRecovery of Rare Earth Elements through Spent NdFeB Magnet Oxidation (First Part)
dc.typeArticle
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Технолошки факултет [Научни радови] / Faculty of Technology [Scientific papers]