Прегледај по Аутор "Drakul, Dragana"
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- СтавкаConsumption of Antibiotics in Primary Care Setting before and during COVID-19 Pandemic in Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina(MDPI, 2022) Sokolović, Dragana; Drakul, Dragana; Joksimović, Bojan; Lalović, Nenad; Avram, Nada; Milić, Marija; Nogo-Živanović, Dajana; Mijović, BiljanaThe pandemic of COVID-19 has brought many changes in health care systems at all levels of health care. The increase in the number of cases of COVID-19 has led to overuse and misuse of antibiotics.The aim of this study was to compare the consumption of antibiotics for systemic use in outpatients in the Republic of Srpska (RS), before and during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the association between antibiotic consumption and the rate of incidence and mortality of COVID-19. The total consumption of the antibiotics for systemic use (J01) in outpatients in the Republic of Srpska during 2019 was 19.40 DDD/TID, with an increase to 30.80 DDD/TID in 2020.Significantly higher use of penicillin (10.58 11.01 DDD/TID in 2019 vs. 17.10 13.63 DDD/TID in 2020), cephalosporins (2.68 1.90 DDD/TID in 2019 vs. 5.93 2.77 DDD/TID in 2020) and macrolides (2.14 2.22 DDD/TID in 2019 vs. 3.40 3.44 DDD/TID in 2020) was observed during the pandemic period. It is necessary to improve the prescribing practice of antibiotics at the primary health care level, public awareness about rational use of antibiotics, as well as the current antibiotic stewardship programs and control their implementation.
- СтавкаEssential Oil of Satureja montana L. from Herzegovina: Assessment of Composition, Antispasmodic, and Antidiarrheal Effects(ACG Publications, 2023) Kulić, Milan; Drakul, Dragana; Sokolović, Dragana; Kordić-Bojinović, Jelena; Milovanović, Slobodan; Blagojević, DuškoSatureja montana L. (SM) has a long traditional use as a spice and a medicine for various gastrointestinal disorders, including painful spasms and diarrhea. Contrary to conventional drugs, administration of SM and its extracts are considered safe. Previous studies have shown that the essential oils (EOs) of SM from different areas are rich in monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpens, and phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, and acids with great composition variability. Determination of composition of EO from Herzegovinian SM done by gas chromatographyflame ionization detection and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-FID and GC/MS, respectively) revealed carvacrol as a primary substance followed by γ-terpinene, p-cymene, and β-caryophyllene. Ex vivo spasmolitic activity caused by EO was evident in different types of isolated rat ileum function with the most potent effect on spontaneous activity followed by electrical field stimulation and KCl- and CaCl2-induced activity. SMEO produced in vivo antidiarreal activity on castor oil-induced diarrhea in young rats and showed the potential to cause a decrese water content in the feces of adult Wistar rats.This study indicates that effects of SM on the intestinum could be mediated through combination of Kv channel activation and Ca channel blockade, but additional mechanisms might be involved. The results of this study corroborate the traditional use of SM as antispasmodic, antidiarrheal, and antisecretory agents.
- СтавкаPharmacological characterisation of Seseli gracile Waldst. & Kit. (Apiaceae) essential oil(Ministry of Defance, Serbia, 2021) Suručić, Relja; Kundaković-Vasović, Tatjana; Marčetić, Mirjana; Drakul, Dragana; Milenković, Marina; Kovačević, NadaBackground/Aim. Phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of essential oils isolated from plant species of the genus Seseli have been intensified recently. These plant species have long-term use in nutrition and traditional medicine in the treatment of various disorders. Volatile secondary metabolites of Seseli gracile Waldst. & Kit (Apiaceae) have not been pharmacologically examined so far. The aim of the conducted research was to assess the antiradical, antimicrobial and spasmolytic activities of S. gracile essential oil isolated from the aerial parts of the plant. Methods. The antiradical activity was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test, antimicrobial activity using broth microdilution method with standard strains of Gram (+), Gram (-) bacteria and yeast, while spasmolytic activity was evaluated on isolated rat ileum, pre-contracted with a high concentration of potassium. Results. The results showed moderate antiradical (SC50 = 78.60 μg/mL) and good spasmolytic activity (IC50 = 271.4 nL/mL) of S. gracile essential oil. In the range of tested concentrations, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined only for the strain of Escherichia coli (500 μg/mL). Conclusion. Results obtained in this study justify the need for further studies to elucidate exact molecular mechanism underlay this spasmolytic effect of S. gracile herb essential oil.
- СтавкаTHE IMPORTANCE OF POTASSIUM CHANNELS IN THE MECHANISM OF THE RELAXING EFFECT OF PENTOXIFYLLINE ON ISOLATED RAT UTERI(University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, 2013) Milovanovic, Slobodan R.; Kordic-Bojinovic, Jelena; Djordjevic, Stevanka; Drakul, Dragana; Sokolovic, Dragana; Miletic, Natasa; Blagojevic, DuskoBackground. Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative that is used to treat peripheral vascular disease. One of the mechanisms of action of pentoxifylline is the vasodilatation of blood vessels. Th is study examined the eff ect of increasing pentoxifylline concentrations on the contractility of isolated rat uteri in the presence of a potassium channel antagonist. Methods. Th e uteri were isolated from virgin Wistar rats (180-220 g) and suspended in an isolated organ bath chamber containing De Jalon’s solution and aerated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Th e temperature was maintained at 37ºC. Isometric contractions were recorded using an isometric force transducer (Ugo Basile). The preload of the preparation was approximately 1 g. Th e uteri were allowed to contract spontaneously or in the presence of Ca2+ (0.018 and 0.36 mM) and acetylcholine (ACh) and were treated with pentoxifylline. Results. Pentoxifylline caused concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous rhythmic uterine activity and uterine activity caused by calcium Ca2+ (0.018 mM and 0,36 mM). We showed that the inhibitory eff ects of pentoxifylline depend on the type of muscle contractions activated and that the inhibitory eff ect is signifi cantly stronger for spontaneous rhythmic activity and forin Ca2 -induced contractions of isolated rat uteri+. Th e relaxing eff ect of pentoxifylline depends on the calcium concentration in the medium. Pentoxifylline exerted the weakest relaxant eff ects on contractions induced by acetylcholine. In contrast to methylene blue, tetraethylammonium, or 4-aminopyridine, glibenclamide did not antagonise the relaxing eff ect of pentoxifylline on isolated rat uteri.. Conclusion. Th e results obtained suggest that the mechanism of action of pentoxifylline does not lead to the opening of KATP channels. However, the opening of BKCa and voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels had some role, but to varying degrees, in the mechanism of the relaxing eff ect of pentoxifylline on the spontaneous rhythmic activity and calcium-induced tractions of isolated rat uteri. Our results provide additional confi rmation of the dominance of the NO/cGMP signalling pathway in the mechanism of the relaxing eff ect of pentoxifylline (because the presence of methylene blue signifi cantly antagonised this eff ect) in relation to the opening of potassium channels, especially KATP channels. Th ese results indicate that pentoxifylline could be a potential tocolytic drug.
- СтавкаThe role of potassium channels and calcium in the relaxation mechanism of magnesium sulfate on the isolated rat uterus(Serbian Biological Society, 2019) Sokolović, Dragana; Drakul, Dragana; Oreščanin Dušić,; Tatalović, Nikola; Pecelj, Milica; Milovanović, Slobodan; Blagojević, DuškoMgSO4 is used as a tocolytic agent. It is considered to be a calcium channel antagonist, but a different mechanism of its action might be involved. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of calcium concentrations and potassium channels in the mechanism of MgSO4-mediated uterine relaxation. Isolated uteri from female Wister rats were treated with increasing MgSO4 concentrations (0.1-30 mM). MgSO4 induced dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous activity. Addition of Ca2+ (6 mM and 12 mM) stimulated uterine contractile activity and attenuated the inhibitory activity of MgSO4. In order to analyze the role of different subtypes of potassium channels, Ca2+-stimulated uteri were pretreated with glibenclamide (Glib), a selective ATP-sensitive potassium channel inhibitor (KATP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), a non-specific inhibitor of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa), and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a voltage-sensitive potassium channel inhibitor (Kv), at concentrations that had no effect per se. Pretreatment with 4-AP had no effect on MgSO4-mediated relaxation of Ca2+-stimulated uteri. The relaxing effect of MgSO4 was potentiated by pretreatment with glibenclamide. Pretreatment with TEA attenuated the MgSO4-mediated decrease in frequency. Our results suggest that MgSO4 acts as a general calcium antagonist that influences Ca2+-mediated potassium channels. Furthermore, it seems that MgSO4 uterine relaxation activity is partially mediated by selective ATP sensitive potassium channels, suggesting an ATP-dependent role.