Прегледај по Аутор "Pach, Maciej"

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    Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect
    (Wiley, 2022) del Río, Miren; Pretzsch, Hans; Ruiz-Peinad, Ricardo; Jactel, Hervé; Coll, Lluís; Löf, Magnus; Aldea, Jorge; Ammer, Christian; Avdagić, Admir; Barbeito, Ignacio; Bielak, Kamil; Bravo, Felipe; Brazaitis, Gediminas; Cerný, Jakub; Collet, Catherine; Condés, Sonia; Drössler, Lars; Fabrika, Marek; Heym, Michael; Holm, Stig-Olof; Hylen, Gro; Jansons, Aris; Kurylyak, Viktor; Lombardi, Fabio; Matović, Bratislav; Metslaid, Marek; Motta, Renzo; Nord-Larsen, Thomas; Nothdurft, Arne; den Ouden, Jan; Pach, Maciej; Pardos,Marta; Poeydebat, Charlotte; Ponette, Quentin; Pérot, Tomas; Reventlow, Ditlev Otto Juel; Sitko, Roman; Sramek, Vit; Steckel, Mathias; Svoboda, Miroslav; Verheyen, Kris; Vospernik, Sonja; Wolff, Barbara; Zlatanov, Tzvetan; Bravo-Oviedo, Andrés
    1. The increasing disturbances in monocultures around the world are testimony to their instability under global change. Many studies have claimed that temporal stability of productivity increases with species richness, although the ecological fundamentals have mainly been investigated through diversity experiments. To adequately manage forest ecosystems, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the effect of mixing species on the temporal stability of productivity and the way in which it is influenced by climate conditions across large geographical areas. 2. Here, we used a unique dataset of 261 stands combining pure and two-species mixtures of four relevant tree species over a wide range of climate conditions in Europe to examine the effect of species mixing on the level and temporal stability of productivity. Structural equation modelling was employed to further explore the direct and indirect influence of climate, overyielding, species asynchrony and additive effect (i.e. temporal stability expected from the species growth in monospecific stands) on temporal stability in mixed forests. 3. We showed that by adding only one tree species to monocultures, the level (overyielding:+6%) and stability (temporal stability: +12%) of stand growth increased significantly. We identified the key effect of temperature on destabilizing stand growth, which may be mitigated by mixing species. We further confirmed asynchrony as the main driver of temporal stability in mixed stands, through both the additive effect and species interactions, which modify between-species asynchrony in mixtures in comparison to monocultures. 4. Synthesis and applications. This study highlights the emergent properties associated with mixing two species, which result in resource efficient and temporally stable production systems. We reveal the negative impact of mean temperature on temporal stability of forest productivity and how the stabilizing effect of mixing two species can counterbalance this impact. The overyielding and temporal stability of growth addressed in this paper are essential for ecosystem services closely linked with the level and rhythm of forest growth. Our results underline that mixing two species can be a realistic and effective nature-based climate solution, which could contribute towards meeting EU climate target policies.
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    European beech stem diameter grows better in mixed than in mono‑specific stands at the edge of its distribution in mountain forests
    (Springer, 2021) Pretzsch, Hans; Hilmers, Torben; Uhl, Enno; Bielak, Kamil; Bosela, Michal; del Rio, Miren; Dobor, Laura; Forrester, David I.; Nagel, Thomas A.; Pach, Maciej; Avdagić, Admir; Bellan, Michal; Binder, Franz; Bončina, Andrej; Bravo, Felipe; de‑Dios‑García, Javier; Dinca, Lucian; Drozdowski, Stanisław; Giammarchi, Francesco; Hoehn,Maria; Ibrahimspahić, Aida; Jaworski, Andrzej; Klopčič, Matija; Kurylyak, Viktor; Lévesque, Mathieu; Lombardi, Fabio; Matović, Bratislav; Ordóñez, Cristóbal; Petráš, Rudolf; Rubio‑Cuadrado, Alvaro; Stojanovic, Dejan; Skrzyszewski, Jerzy; Stajić, Branko; Svoboda, Mirolav; Versace, Soraya; Zlatanov, Tzvetan; Tognetti, Roberto
    Recent studies show that several tree species are spreading to higher latitudes and elevations due to climate change. European beech, presently dominating from the colline to the subalpine vegetation belt, is already present in upper montane subalpine forests and has a high potential to further advance to higher elevations in European mountain forests, where the temperature is predicted to further increase in the near future. Although essential for adaptive silviculture, it remains unknown whether the upward shift of beech could be assisted when it is mixed with Norway spruce or silver fir compared with mono-specific stands, as the species interactions under such conditions are hardly known. In this study, we posed the general hypotheses that the growth depending on age of European beech in mountain forests was similar in mono-specific and mixed-species stands and remained stable over time and space in the last two centuries. The scrutiny of these hypotheses was based on increment coring of 1240 dominant beech trees in 45 plots in mono-specific stands of beech and in 46 mixed mountain forests. We found that (i) on average, mean tree diameter increased linearly with age. The age trend was linear in both forest types, but the slope of the age–growth relationship was higher in mono-specific than in mixed mountain forests. (ii) Beech growth in mono-specific stands was stronger reduced with increasing elevation than that in mixed-species stands. (iii) Beech growth in mono-specific stands was on average higher than beech growth in mixed stands. However, at elevations > 1200 m, growth of beech in mixed stands was higher than that in mono-specific stands. Differences in the growth patterns among elevation zones are less pronounced now than in the past, in both mono-specific and mixed stands. As the higher and longer persisting growth rates extend the flexibility of suitable ages or size for tree harvest and removal, the longer-lasting growth may be of special relevance for multi-aged silviculture concepts. On top of their function for structure and habitat improvement, the remaining old trees may grow more in mass and value than assumed so far.