Економски факултет Пале [Научни радови] / Faculty of Economics Pale [Scientific papers]

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND COMPETITIVENESS IN BIH AND SERBIA
(De Gruyter, 2015) Mićić, Jelena; Šarčević, Marko
Bosnia and Herzegovina together with Serbia shows the poor economic performance compared to neighbor countries, while the European average remains a remote and largely unattainable category. The reasons for this unsatisfactory situation are many, and this paper aims to highlight the entrepreneurial aspect of the economic dynamics of these countries compared to the world, European and regional average. We will use comparative, statistical, dynamical and cognitive analysis and synthesis in order to get better insight into the causes of our current situation, as well as recognizing the potential comparative advantages. Through presentation of the BiH and Serbia position in the Reports of the World Economic Forum in relation to the weighted averages of the world, Europe and the region, and further through the analysis of the basic parameters of competitiveness and detailed analysis of business environment indicators we will reach important conclusions about the most important shortcomings and potential advantages of entrepreneurship in BiH and Serbia. These results should be kept in mind while creating future economic measures, and they have considerable usable value for current and future entrepreneurs.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF OPTIMIZATION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC POTENTIAL AND SOURCES FOR PUBLIC NEEDS SETTLEMENT
(De Gruyter, 2016) Stojanović, Aleksandar
The relative level of fiscal revenue in relation to the total aggregate domestic product or national income is a central indicator to be established in the national economy. This indicator is the “tax ratio”. The tendency of almost every economic and especially fiscal policy is that this indicator expresses the optimal ratio between the part of the domestic product or national income, which is intended to be used for the settlement of public needs and the general economic aggregate of the latter economic categories. Its special importance lies in the design concept of medium-term or long-term social and economic development. It is necessary to determine the framework of the global distribution of the domestic product or national income, which is acceptable, on the one hand, from the perspective of a balanced and stable economic growth, and on the other hand, from the standpoint of balancing interests of all social structures of modern mixed societies.
Is the Global Competitiveness Report the right measure of macroeconomic competitiveness*
(University of Rijeka, FACULTY OF ECONOMICS, 2016) Djogo, Marko; Stanisic, Nenad
The purpose of this paper is to research the effect of abandoning the assumption of long-term time horizon in terms of reliability of the Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) findings. In order to achieve this goal we will compare the GCR findings with the findings of a composite index of competitiveness, named 6 BIC (Basic Indicators of Competitiveness). We have developed this index on the theoretical basis provided by Krugman, Fagerbergs, Scott, Lodge, Aiginger and others. Economists are aware that any theoretical conception, including the GCR, relies on a number of assumptions and postulations. If some of those have been under scrutiny, then the whole construction and its findings would lose their credibility. One of the most significant assumptions rooted in the Global Competitiveness Report is its longevity. In the long-term, the change in productivity level through price competitiveness certainly brings out a change in outcome competitiveness level. However, the effects in short-to-middle term are not certain. Our findings show that there is a whole range of countries whose national competitiveness is either under-estimated by the GCR (for example Russia, Turkey, Estonia, Moldova) or overvalued (Finland, Ireland, Iceland, Portugal, Spain) in short-to-middle term. The basic conclusion from the obtained results of the research is that the GCR does not provide sufficiently good view of the current competitiveness of the countries, and that this indicator needs to be extended also with other competitiveness indicators, such as those selected in our paper.
RELATIONS OF TOURISM AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT WITH RESPECT TO GDP GROWTH OF REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
(De Gruyter Open Access, 2017) Lazarević, Momir
Tourism is the fastest growing and one of the most profitable industries in the world, with countless opportunities for the economic development of the regions. One should not view tourism and hospitality as separate concepts, since one can neither exist nor can be sustained without the other. A tourist, besides wanting to see and get to know the attractiveness of a place, wants to be offered a satisfactory level of basic (food, accommodation, transport) and additional (entertainment, recreation, shopping. . ) services which will certainly have an influence on his satisfaction and the desire to return. If we don’t turn to socially responsible behavior, we will lose the conditions for the development of tourism, and therefore a possible basis for social and economic prosperity as a result of such a sustainable tourism. Globalisation also appears as a threat of uniformity of everything that surrounds us, because different societies, economies and cultures are increasingly intertwined and thus endanger the identity of one nation, its customs, folklore and overall cultural creativity
FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION - WORLD EXPERIENCE AND OUR PRACTICE
(DE GRUYTER OPEN, 2017) Stojanović, Aleksandar
Although it is yet to be systematically investigated where the initiative for fiscal decentralization came from, limited evidence suggests that decentralization offers great opportunities to improve the delivery of public services, and that the result depends on the type of decentralization that has been implemented and the institutions that implement it. Not rare are the examples that decentralization is implemented haphazardly without a proper legal framework and clearly defined rules or is simply imported from another country, without taking into account whether the local authorities in the country are able to carry out their responsibilities. Decentralization is often a matter of political reality, and in itself, it is neither good nor bad.
Investment innovation trends: factor-based investing
(University of Belgrade, Serbia, 2017) Centineo, Sanja; Centineo, Santo
This article shows that it can take a long period of time until research knowledge finds its application in practice and get disseminated as innovation trend. Factor-based investing is such an example. Having its developing roots in the nineties, it took more than two decades until this approach was detected by the investment community. The goal of this article is to recall the definition of factor investing, present its historical evolvement and motivate its recent break-through and current trend among investment practitioners (known also under the notion smart beta). It aims at familiarizing with this investment approach from a practical perspective and highlighting its diversifying benefits in a portfolio context with the potential to outperform the market on riskadjusted basis.
CHALLENGES IN CREATING TRANSFORMATIVE GROWTH FOR COMPANIES IN DIGITAL ECONOMY
(Sciendo, 2018) Mašić,, Branislav; Vladušić, Ljubiša
Digital economy creates waves and waves of disruptions. To survive and thrive in digital economy, where technology is disrupting industries from education to even manufacturing, companies are looking for new approaches to stay relevant. As the world becomes more digitalized, customercentric approach to product development, short product cycles and rapid decision-making is needed. At the same time, while optimizing the existing core business, companies must grow more entrepreneurial culture and transformational growth engines inside the companies. Following this path, the major challenge for companies is how to implement strategic growth innovation along with executing traditional business model and operational excellence. This paper aims to explore and present the importance of digital transformation and innovations. Companies should strive to build collaborative relationships as a means to creating transformational growth. It is suggested that information and communications technologies are significant in the process of strategic planning. The Paper also emphasizes the importance of organizational structure and culture required for implementing strategies that are aligned with digital transformation.
COMPETITIVENESS AND DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
(Sciendo, 2018) Rebić, Mladen; Bojat, Milica; Šarenac, Nemanja
There is no universal model of local economic development. Development strategies vary from country to country, city to city, and depend on the level of development, political system, development potential, social values, available resources, etc. Republic of Srpska faces with significant differences in the level of development of its territory. Local communities in the Republic of Srpska are increasingly facing with several obligations - providing support to business, creating a favorable business environment for attracting investment and providing an adequate infrastructure. The biggest problems that most of municipalities in the Republic of Srpska encounter are reflected in the emptying of cities, the departure of young people, low average wages and high unemployment rates. They are trying to solve these problems by attracting investments. However, it is very important to say that an effective investment policy must be based on the creation of new enterprises with capitalintensive production. The average wage level in local communities of the Republic of Srpska is low, due to the fact that most of the investments have a labor-intensive character. The subject and aim of this paper is to determine the competitiveness and level of development of local communities in the Republic of Srpska. Municipal competitiveness will be higher if it has a positive trade balance, higher average wages, high natural increase, low unemployment rate and positive migration. Higher natural increase, favorable trade balance and low unemployment rate are in direct correlation with the degree of local development. The results of the research have shown that the key problems of underdeveloped municipalities in the Republic of Srpska are demographic aging, population migration, underdeveloped infrastructure, high unemployment rates, low average wages, low level of investment, low export activity, weak institutional capacities, etc.
Measuring of The Goods and Labor Markets Efficiency: Comparative Study of Western Balkan Countries
(ELIT - Economic Laboratory for Transition Research, Podgorica, 2019) RADUKIC, SNEZANA; MASTILO, ZORAN; KOSTIC, ZORANA; VLADUSIC, LJUBISA
Numerous theoretical and empirical evidences confirm the assumption that more competitive markets are followed by raising the level of efficiency. The aim of this paper is to consider to what extent are efficient goods and labor markets in the efficiency-driven countries, such as Western Balkans. Intense competitive pressure both by domestic and foreign companies, and demand conditions determined by customer orientation and consumer sophistication, have great importance in acceleration labor market efficiency. The delicacy of the measuring of the competition and demand conditions on goods market completes an empirical review of the achieved results in labor markets in 2018 in Western Balkan countries. The multicriteria .analysis was carried out in order to rank countries and highlight those which have achieved remarkable goods and labor markets efficiency in the overall order of the countries. The obtained results suggest significant gaps and cyclical deviations from the regional average, related to goods market efficiency gaps, observed by selected indicators and countries. Problems in the fields of domestic competition, foreign competition, and insufficient quality of demand conditions in the individual markets, imposed the need to compare the comparative disadvantages and advantages in the Western Balkan countries. The comparative study can serve as a guide for defining future labor market policies due to it has been proven that countries with more efficient goods market have more favorable labor market indicators.
Analysis of Overall and Pure Technical Efficiency of Tourism in Europe
(Maritime Faculty in Split, 2019) Prorok, Vesna; Šerić, Neven; Peronja, Ivan
The aim of this paper is to assess the overall and pure technical efficiency of tourism in European countries in 2017 using the output-oriented Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (1978, 1979), and Banker, Charnes and Cooper (1984) data envelopment analysis methodology. The countries were divided into two groups: European Union countries and non-European counties. We identified two input and two output variables for each group. Input variables were identified using the principal component analysis method, starting from fourteen pillars that measure the performance of countries in the field of travel and tourism, and are published in the regular reports of the World Economic Forum. Then, two output variables were defined (the total (direct and indirect) contribution of travel and tourism to gross domestic product, and the direct contribution of tourism to employment growth rate), to determine the relative efficiency of decision-making units within the formed homogeneous groups of countries, among which the group of Western Balkan countries was singled out. This analysis enabled us, based on relatively scarce potential, to propose guidelines for a tourism development strategy for the entire Western Balkans region.
Instruments for Sustainable Tourism Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina
(University of Primorska, Slovenia, 2019) Šarenac, Nemanja; Rebić, Mladen; Bojat, Milica
Sustainable tourism development is based on ecological sustainability, ways of using renewable and non-renewable resources, and socio-cultural and economic sustainability. Stakeholders of the tourism sector have an important role in tourism development, in which the public represents one of the critical segments of sustainable tourism development. This paper aims to analyse and determine the most effective way of sustainable tourism development for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Understanding different approaches to tourism development and their inclusion in the process can significantly increase the sustainability of future tourism development. The research was conducted as a population survey on the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The sample size was appropriate, based on the total population and included more than 385 respondents of different demographic categories. The main hypothesis of this paper emphasises that citizens’ education about the significance of the concept of sustainable tourism represents a fundamental approach for the further development of tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis of the approach to sustainable tourism development has shown that most respondents consider the reduction of environmental pollution as the most critical instrument for sustainable tourism development in Bosnia and Herzegovina. They also emphasise the importance of providing the active participation of all stakeholders in the creation of tourism products, with a particular emphasis on local governments. In accordance with the obtained research results, it was concluded that the main hypothesis was not confirmed.
Total factor productivity drivers in the selected EU countries: Cointegration approach*
(University of Rijeka, FACULTY OF ECONOMICS, 2020) Borović, Zoran; Rebić, Mladen; Tomaš, Dalibor
In this paper, we will present the results of our survey on TFP and its main drivers. For this purpose, our analysis is based on a sample of thirteen EU countries for the period 1995 - 2016. In the first iteration, we have estimated the TFP for selected countries. The main goal of this paper is to determine the existence of a long-run relationship, ie. cointegration between the TFP and its main drivers: Foreign Direct Investment, trade openess, Information and Communication Technologies, Research and Development, and human capital. To do so, in the second iteration we have used the relatively new panel ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) model proposed by Pesaran (1997) and Pesaran and Shin (1999). The obtained results in this paper reveal the existence of a long-term relationship, i.e. co-integration between the TFP on one hand, and R&D, and ICT, on the other hand, confirming the basic hypothesis that there is a long-term and statistically significant relationship, i.e. co-integration between the above-mentioned variables.
THE IMPACT OF THE INFLOW OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SERBIA
(Sciendo, 2021) Kovačević, Slaviša; Rebić, Mladen; Kurušić, Drago
Foreign direct investments present one of the very important products of globalization, by establishing a new economic concept of free international movement of capital, people, goods and services. An analyses of the impact of this type of international movement of capital on economic growth and development is one of the modern tendencies of economic researchers. The subject of this paper is the analysis of the impact of the level and structure of foreign direct investment on the economic development of the Serbian economy, where the impact of foreign direct investment inflow on economic growth, current balance, manufacturing industry through the impact on total industry turnover, employment and productivity will be separately considered. The aim of this research is to prove the importance of FDI for developing countries, as well as to point out the need to improve and enhance the business environment in order to maximize FDI inflows. The main hypothesis of this research is that foreign direct investments significantly contribute to the economic growth and development of the Republic of Serbia. For the purposes of hypothesis analysis and testing, a simple linear regression model was used in this paper. The research was conducted for the period from 2010 to 2019. The obtained results present a positive relationship between the inflow of foreign direct investment and GDP growth, and show a positive relationship between growth of investments in manufacturing and growth in productivity, employment and total turnover, and show a positive relationship between FDI inflow and export value.
Analyses of the Attitudes of Agricultural Holdings on the Development of Agritourism and the Impacts on the Economy, Society and Environment of Serbia
(MDPI, 2021) Ćirić, Miloš; Tešanović, Dragan; Kalenjuk Pivarski, Bojana; Ćirić, Ivana; Banjac, Maja; Radivojević, Goran; Grubor, Biljana; Tošić, Predrag; Simović, Olivera; Šmugović, Stefan
Agritourism as a special type of tourist migration is a very important link in the diversification of rural areas, connecting the geography, culture, tradition, and gastronomy of the local population, and placing products and services through the hospitality and tourism market. Thanks to this form of tourism, underdeveloped places are gaining in importance and attracting the attention of visitors who are oriented towards natural things, which in turn contributes to a better economic situation of the locality and the population. This paper aims to examine the attitudes of farm owners in the Republic of Serbia toward the impact of agritourism on the economy, living environment, social life, and culture. The data were collected by surveying the owners of agricultural holdings in the territory of the Republic of Serbia and statistically processed using factor analysis, descriptive statistics, and linear regression. Based on the obtained results, it has been established that the owners of agricultural farms are interested in the development of agritourism, and that their positive perception of the impact that agritourism has on the living environment and economy greatly contributes to that. To a lesser extent, a positive attitude was noted toward the importance of agrotourism for the local community and locals, where the positive aspects of agritourism were the education of visitors on agriculture, promotion of the local culture, agricultural and gastronomic products, and sustainable development and investment in infrastructure.
Impact of Internal Control in Enterprises Founded by Local Self-Government Units: The Case of Republic of Serbia
(2021) Radovic, Milan; Vitomir, Jelena; Popovic, Slobodan
In the countries in transition, like the Republic of Serbia, system innovations are being introduced, such as the implementation of internal controls in enterprises. The authors of the paper formulated a research question which is if the introduction of internal controls could have an impact on the improvement of governance in public utility enterprises founded by the units of local self government. The main goal of the research was to identify possible improvement in corporate operations measured by an increase in revenues made by public utility enterprises following the implementation of internal controls. In addition to that, the secondary goal of the authors was to determine differences in operating efficiency between public utility enterprises and the so called other enterprises that put in place internal controls in their current operations. Further on, the authors of this paper wanted to find out which type of internal controls in place in public utility enterprises and other enterprises enabled best performance. The usefulness of the study is visible in the presented results of the research. Specifically, they indicate significant differences between public utility enterprises and other enterprises, both in terms of implementation of internal controls and in their performance, which was proven in 2018. In addition to that, performance of public utility enterprises founded by local self-government units is found to be better than that of the so called other enterprises after the introduction of internal controls.
RANKING VALUE-CREATING GREEN APPROACH PRACTICES AND CHOOSING IDEAL GREEN MARKETING STRATEGY FOR LOGISTICS COMPANIES
(2021) Karamaşa, Çağlar; Ergün, Mustafa; Gülcan, Bayezid; Korucuk, Selçuk; Memiş, Salih; Vojinović, Dragan
The deterioration of environmental factors, economic and technological development, the formation of complexity in societies, the rise of complex structures have made the environment and green management practices more important. Especially value-creating green approaches are considered as critical components in both public and private sector applications and defined as indicators of success in terms of sustainability. On the other hand, green marketing strategies are also important practices that have a positive impact on the environment and should be carefully emphasized for the inheritance of nature to future generations. Recently, it has been on the agenda quite a lot and it is understood for all sectors.In this study, it is aimed to determine the criteria for value-creating green approach practices in logistics companies operating in the TR A1 region due to the above mentioned importance and to choose the most ideal green marketing strategy. In solving this problem, Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods, which are a complex decision-making method, have been used. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the most important criterion in value creating green approach applications as Environmental Focused Strategic Decisions (C3), and the least important criterion as Environmental Life Cycle Analysis (C2). It has been determined that the most ideal green marketing strategy is Green Innovation (A1). Accordingly the importance of the environmental based strategic decisions is revealed in terms of creating green marketing strategy for companies.
Characteristics of Traditional Food Products as a Segment of Sustainable Consumption in Vojvodina’s Hospitality Industry
(MDPI, 2022) Kalenjuk Pivarski, Bojana; Šmugović, Stefan; Tekić, Dragana; Ivanović, Velibor; Novaković, Aleksandra; Tešanović, Dragan; Banjac, Maja; Ðerčan, Bojan; Peulić, Tatjana; Mutavdžić, Beba; Lazarević, Jasmina; Vukelić, Nataša
One can observe the sustainability of traditional food products (TFPs) consumption in terms of their market, production, and technical characteristics. These characteristics must be acknowledged by the management section of a catering facility responsible for purchasing and consuming these products. Consequently, this research was conducted among the management of catering facilities (chefs, managers, and owners) in Vojvodina (northern region of Serbia) from 300 different facilities. The research was conducted using a questionnaire. The data acquired were statistically processed using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests and presented in this paper. Special attention was given to differences in perceiving the characteristics of TFP of Vojvodina (TASQ) as seen from the socio-demographic aspects of the respondents and the characteristics of catering facilities. The research deduced that the sensory quality of a product, menu diversity, freshness, local production, price, and seasonality are the prominent characteristics that affect the TFP’s choice of purchase and consumption. The least essential characteristics are organic production and brand. The differences in perception of the characteristics were based on the respondent’s age, education level, and working position, as well as catering offer (domestic, national, international, and combined) and the location of a catering facility (urban/rural).
MEASURING CONCENTRATION AND EFFICIENCY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BANKING SECTOR USING DYNAMIC PANEL MODEL
(Sciendo, 2022) Rebić, Mladen; Paunović, Slađana; Popović, Borka
This paper seeks to examine the determinants of the profitability of the B&H banking sector, using an empirical framework that incorporates the traditional SCP - structure conduct-performance and ESX efficiency hypothesis. The main goal of this paper is to measure the level of concentration and investigate how concentration and other determinants influence the profitability of the banking sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the period from 2008 to 2017. We also tried to determine whether the profitability of the banking sector is more contributed by concentration, i.e. enlargement of the banking market (SCP) rather than increased efficiency of banking organization (ESX). For this purpose, we use a sample of 26 banks from B&H, and our empirical research is based on panel data analysis. The performance of the banking sector is measured by the conventional return on assets (ROA). Besides concentration as a main industry-specific factor, profitability determinants include bank-specific and macroeconomic profitability factors. Obtained results reveal that concentration has positive impacts on B&H banking profitability. But when we talk about competing concentration hypotheses, the paper results here generally support the ESX efficiency hypothesis rather than the traditional SCP approach. It was confirmed that credit risk, deposit risk and cost to income ratio from bank-specific variables, and GDP growth rate from macroeconomic variables have a statistically significant influence on banking performance.
Objective Criticism and Negative Conclusions on Using the Fuzzy SWARA Method in Multi-Criteria Decision Making
(MDPI, 2022) Stević, Željko; Kumar Das, Dillip; Tešić, Rade; Vidas, Marijo; Vojinović, Dragan
The quality of output or decision-making depends on high-quality input data, their adequate evaluation, the application of adequate approaches, and accurate calculation. In this paper, an objective criticism of applying the fuzzy SWARA (step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis) method based on the Chang TFN (triangular fuzzy number) scale is performed. Through research, it has been noticed that a large number of studies use this approach and, as an epilogue, there are wrong decisions based on inconsistent values in relation to the initial assessment of decision-makers (DMs). Seven representative studies (logistics, construction industry, financial performance management, and supply chain) with different parameter structures and decision matrix sizes have been singled out. The main hypothesis has been set, which implies that the application of this approach leads to wrong decisions because the weight values of the criteria are incorrect. A comparative analysis with the improved fuzzy SWARA (IMF SWARA) method has been created and a number of negative conclusions has been reached on using the fuzzy SWARA method and the Chang scale: Primarily, that using such an approach is impossible for two or more criteria to have equal value, that allocating TFN (1,1,1) leads to criteria values that are inconsistent with expert evaluation, that the last-ranked criteria in the fuzzy SWARA method have no influential value on the ranking of alternatives, that there is a great gap between the most significant and last-ranked criteria, and that the most significant criterion has a huge impact on the evaluation of alternative solutions and decision making. As a general conclusion, it is given that this approach is not adequate for application in problems of multicriteria decision making because it produces inadequate management of processes and activities in various spheres.
Exploring Wineries andWine Tourism Potential in the Republic of Srpska, an Emerging Wine Region of Bosnia and Herzegovina
(MDPI, 2022) Vukojević, Dajana; Tomić, Nemanja; Marković, Nenad; Mašić, Branislav; Banjanin, Tijana; Bodiroga, Radomir; Đorđević, Tijana; Marjanović, Miloš
The aim of this paper is to present the current state and wine tourism potential in the Republic of Srpska with the primary focus on its wineries and their activities towards attracting wine tourists from all over the world. To achieve this, a survey was conducted among 37 wineries in the Republic of Srpska. The first part of the questionnaire included data about planted grape varieties, annual yield, wine production, vineyards areas, and winery staff information. The second part of the survey was dedicated to the degree of participation of wineries in wine tourism activities and the services offered to wine tourists. Results indicate that the major factors thwarting further wine tourism development are the lack of accommodation and catering facilities as well as tours in foreign languages. One of the problems is the current lack of wine routes generally seen as critical supporting tools for wine tourism development. Based on the research results, the authors propose two wine routes in the Republic of Srpska, the Northern and Southern wine routes. Further wine tourism development should be focused mainly on these areas.

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