Breaking the Gingival Barrier in Periodontitis

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dc.citation.spage4544
dc.citation.volume24
dc.contributor.authorVitkov, Ljubomir
dc.contributor.authorSingh, Jeeshan
dc.contributor.authorSchauer, Christine
dc.contributor.authorMinnich, Bernd
dc.contributor.authorKrunić, Jelena
dc.contributor.authorOberthaler, Hannah
dc.contributor.authorGamsjaeger, Sonja
dc.contributor.authorHerrmann, Martin
dc.contributor.authorKnopf, Jasmin
dc.contributor.authorHannig, Matthias
dc.date.accessioned2024-12-02T13:22:30Z
dc.date.available2024-12-02T13:22:30Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractThe break of the epithelial barrier of gingiva has been a subject of minor interest, albeit playing a key role in periodontal pathology, transitory bacteraemia, and subsequent systemic lowgrade inflammation (LGI). The significance of mechanically induced bacterial translocation in gingiva (e.g., via mastication and teeth brushing) has been disregarded despite the accumulated knowledge of mechanical force effects on tight junctions (TJs) and subsequent pathology in other epithelial tissues. Transitory bacteraemia is observed as a rule in gingival inflammation, but is rarely observed in clinically healthy gingiva. This implies that TJs of inflamed gingiva deteriorate, e.g., via a surplus of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bacterial proteases, toxins, Oncostatin M (OSM), and neutrophil proteases. The inflammation-deteriorated gingival TJs rupture when exposed to physiological mechanical forces. This rupture is characterised by bacteraemia during and briefly after mastication and teeth brushing, i.e., it appears to be a dynamic process of short duration, endowed with quick repair mechanisms. In this review, we consider the bacterial, immune, and mechanical factors responsible for the increased permeability and break of the epithelial barrier of inflamed gingiva and the subsequent translocation of both viable bacteria and bacterial LPS during physiological mechanical forces, such as mastication and teeth brushing.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijms24054544
dc.identifier.urihttps://vaseljena.ues.rs.ba/handle/123456789/1368
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.sourceInternational Journal o f Molecular Sciences
dc.subjectmechanical damages; barrier break; tight junctions; epithelial discontinuity; neutrophils; Oncostatin M; tissue fracture; stretching
dc.titleBreaking the Gingival Barrier in Periodontitis
dc.typeArticle
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