Медицински факултет [Научни радови] / Faculty of Medicine [Scientific papers]
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- СтавкаPublic Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Eastern Region of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the COVID-19 Pandemic(MDPI, 2023) Drakul, Dragana; Joksimović, Bojan; Milić, Marija; Radanović, Milica; Dukić, Nikolina; Lalović, Nenad; Nischolson, Desmond; Mijović, Biljana; Sokolović, DraganaThe constant worsening of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) imposes the need for an urgent response. Use of antibiotics (AB), both due to irrational prescribing by doctors and irrational use by patients, is recognized as one of the leading causes of this problem. This study aimed to identify knowledge, attitudes, and practices about AB use and AMR within the general population, stratified by age, gender, and urban/rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2022 among patients who visited three health centers in the eastern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A high frequency of AB use was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic (64.2% of respondents were treated with AB). Age and place of residence have not been shown to be factors associated with AB use practices that pose a risk for AMR. However, female gender ( = 0.063; p = 0.041), better knowledge ( = 0.226; p < 0.001), and positive attitudes ( = 0.170; p < 0.001) about use of AB and towards to AMR proved to be factors associated with better practice by respondents. Women, younger respondents, and respondents from urban areas showed better knowledge, attitudes, and behavior about the use of AB and AMR during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- СтавкаEfficacy of nebulized hypertonic saline versus normal saline in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in inpatient infants(Medical Association of Zenica-Doboj Canton, 2023) Bakalović, Ganimeta; Jarkoč, Tarik; Begić, Nedim; Lepara, Orhan; Bokonjić, Dejan; Mihajlović, Dušan; Pasić, Amela; Fajkić, AlmirAim Compare the efficacy of nebulized hypertonic saline and normal saline in the treatment of infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis. Methods This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pulmonology, Paediatric Clinic, Clinical Centre University of Sarajevo, covering the period from January 2015 to December 2019 and comprising 380 children aged between 1 and 12 months having bronchiolitis. One group received nebulized hypertonic saline (NHS, 3% NaCl)), and another group received nebulized normal saline (NNS, 0.9% NaCl). The control group did not receive any of these treatment options. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups regarding length of hospital stay (LOS) and Clinical Severity Score (CSS) at admission and discharge as well as in oxygen therapy duration and antibiotic use, the duration of symptoms before hospital admission, frequency of nasal discharge, elevated temperature, dyspnoea, cough and dehydration. Conclusion The results of this study are consistent with several recent studies or meta-analyses and support the evidence against the use of NHS in hospitalized infants with mild or moderate bronchiolitis.
- СтавкаMoonlighting chromatin: when DNA escapes nuclear control(Springer, 2023) Singh, Jeeshan; Boettcher, Michael; Dölling, Maximilian; Heuer, Annika; Hohberger, Bettina; Leppkes, Moritz; Naschberger, Elisabeth; Schapher, Mirco; Schauer, Christine; Schoen, Janina; Stürzl, Michael; Vitkov, Ljubomir; Wang, Han; Zlatar, Leticija; Schett, Georg A.; Pisetsky, David S.; Liu, Ming-Lin; Knopf, JasminExtracellular chromatin, for example in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), is an important element that propels the pathological progression of a plethora of diseases. DNA drives the interferon system, serves as autoantigen, and forms the extracellular scaffold for proteins of the innate immune system. An insufficient clearance of extruded chromatin after the release of DNA from the nucleus into the extracellular milieu can perform a secret task of moonlighting in immune-inflammatory and occlusive disorders. Here, we discuss (I) the cellular events involved in the extracellular release of chromatin and NET formation, (II) the devastating consequence of a dysregulated NET formation, and (III) the imbalance between NET formation and clearance. We include the role of NET formation in the occlusion of vessels and ducts, in lung disease, in autoimmune diseases, in chronic oral disorders, in cancer, in the formation of adhesions, and in traumatic spinal cord injury. To develop effective therapies, it is of utmost importance to target pathways that cause decondensation of chromatin during exaggerated NET formation and aggregation. Alternatively, therapies that support the clearance of extracellular chromatin are conceivable.
- СтавкаPomegranate Peel Extract Differently Modulates Gene Expression in Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells under Physiological and Inflammatory Conditions(MDPI, 2023) Čolić, Miodrag; Miljuš, Nataša; Ðokić, Jelena; Bekić, Marina; Krivokuća, Aleksandra; Tomić, Sergej; Radojević, Dušan; Radanović, Marina; Eraković, Mile; Ismaili, Bashkim; Škrbić, RankoPomegranate has shown a favorable effect on gingivitis/periodontitis, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to test the effect of pomegranate peel extract (PoPEx) on gingiva-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (GMSCs) under physiological and inflammatory conditions. GMSC lines from healthy (H) and periodontitis (P) gingiva (n = 3 of each) were established. The lines were treated with two non-toxic concentrations of PoPEX (low—10; high—40 g/mL), with or without additional lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Twenty-four genes in GMSCs involved in different functions were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PoPEx (mostly at higher concentrations) inhibited the basal expression of IL-6, MCP-1, GRO-a, RANTES, IP-10, HIF-1a, SDF-1, and HGF but increased the expression of IL-8, TLR3, TGF-b, TGF-b/LAP ratio, IDO-1, and IGFB4 genes in H-GMSCs. PoPEx increased IL-6, RANTES, MMP3, and BMP2 but inhibited TLR2 and GRO-a gene expression in P-GMSCs. LPS upregulated genes for proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, tissue regeneration/repair (MMP3, IGFBP4, HGF), and immunomodulation (IP-10, RANTES, IDO-1, TLR3, COX-2), more strongly in P-GMSCs. PoPEx also potentiated most genes’ expression in LPS-stimulated P-GMSCs, including upregulation of osteoblastic genes (RUNX2, BMP2, COL1A1, and OPG), simultaneously inhibiting cell proliferation. In conclusion, the modulatory effects of PoPEx on gene expression in GMSCs are complex and dependent on applied concentrations, GMSC type, and LPS stimulation. Generally, the effect is more pronounced in inflammation-simulating conditions.
- СтавкаA systematic review of the development and application of home cage monitoring in laboratory mice and rats(Springer, 2023) Kahnau, Pia; Mieske, Paul; Wilzopolski, Jenny; Kalliokoski, Otto; Mandillo, Silvia; Hölter, Sabine M.; Voikar, Vootele; Amfim, Adriana; Badurek, Sylvia; Bartelik, Aleksandra; Caruso, Angela; Čater, Maša; Ey, Elodie; Golin, Elisabetta; Jaap, Anne; Hrncic, Dragan; Kiryk, Anna; Lang, Benjamin; Loncarevic‑Vasiljkovic, Natasa; Meziane, Hamid; Radzevičienė, Aurelija; Rivalan, Marion; Scattoni, Maria Luisa; Torquet, Nicolas; Trifkovic, Julijana; Ulfhake, Brun; Thöne‑Reineke, Christa; Diederich, Kai; Lewejohann, Lars; Hohlbaum, KatharinaBackground Traditionally, in biomedical animal research, laboratory rodents are individually examined in test apparatuses outside of their home cages at selected time points. However, the outcome of such tests can be influenced by various factors and valuable information may be missed when the animals are only monitored for short periods. These issues can be overcome by longitudinally monitoring mice and rats in their home cages. To shed light on the development of home cage monitoring (HCM) and the current state-of-the-art, a systematic review was carried out on 521 publications retrieved through PubMed and Web of Science. Results Both the absolute (~ × 26) and relative (~ × 7) number of HCM-related publications increased from 1974 to 2020. There was a clear bias towards males and individually housed animals, but during the past decade (2011–2020), an increasing number of studies used both sexes and group housing. In most studies, animals were kept for short (up to 4 weeks) time periods in the HCM systems; intermediate time periods (4–12 weeks) increased in frequency in the years between 2011 and 2020. Before the 2000s, HCM techniques were predominantly applied for less than 12 h, while 24-h measurements have been more frequent since the 2000s. The systematic review demonstrated that manual monitoring is decreasing in relation to automatic techniques but still relevant. Until (and including) the 1990s, most techniques were applied manually but have been progressively replaced by automation since the 2000s. Independent of the year of publication, the main behavioral parameters measured were locomotor activity, feeding, and social behaviors; the main physiological parameters were heart rate and electrocardiography. External appearance-related parameters were rarely examined in the home cages. Due to technological progress and application of artificial intelligence, more refined and detailed behavioral parameters have been investigated in the home cage more recently. Conclusions Over the period covered in this study, techniques for HCM of mice and rats have improved considerably. This development is ongoing and further progress as well as validation of HCM systems will extend the applications to allow for continuous, longitudinal, non-invasive monitoring of an increasing range of parameters in grouphoused small rodents in their home cages.