Медицински факултет [Научни радови] / Faculty of Medicine [Scientific papers]

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Прегледај Медицински факултет [Научни радови] / Faculty of Medicine [Scientific papers] по Аутор "Ammar, Nour"

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    Behavior change due to COVID-19 among dental academics—The theory of planned behavior: Stresses, worries, training, and pandemic severity
    (PLOS, 2020) Ammar, Nour; Aly, Nourhan M.; Folayan, Morenike O.; Khader, Yousef; Virtanen, Jorma I.; Al-Batayne, Ola B.; Mohebbi, Simin Z.; Attia, Sameh; Howald, Hans-Peter; Boettger, Sebastian; Maharani, Diah A.; Rahardjo, Anton; Khan, Imran; Madi, Marwa; Rashwan, Maher; Pavlic, Verica; Cicmil, Smiljka; Choi, Youn-Hee; Joury, Easter; Castillo, Jorge L.; Noritake, Kanako; Shamala, Anas; Galluccio, Gabriella; Polimeni, Antonella; Phantumvanit, Prathip; Mancino, Davide; Kim, Jin-Bom; Abdelsalam, Maha M.; Arheiam, Arheiam; Dama, Mai A.; Nyan, Myat; Hussein, Iyad; Alkeshan, Mohammad M.; Vukovic, Ana P.; Iandolo, Alfredo; Kemoli, Arthur M.; El Tantawi, Maha
    Objective COVID-19 pandemic led to major life changes. We assessed the psychological impact of COVID-19 on dental academics globally and on changes in their behaviors. Methods We invited dental academics to complete a cross-sectional, online survey from March to May 2020. The survey was based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The survey collected data on participants’ stress levels (using the Impact of Event Scale), attitude (fears, and worries because of COVID-19 extracted by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), perceived control (resulting from training on public health emergencies), norms (country-level COVID-19 fatality rate), and personal and professional backgrounds. We used multilevel regression models to assess the association between the study outcome variables (frequent handwashing and avoidance of crowded places) and explanatory variables (stress, attitude, perceived control and norms). Results 1862 academics from 28 countries participated in the survey (response rate = 11.3%). Of those, 53.4% were female, 32.9% were <46 years old and 9.9% had severe stress. PCA extracted three main factors: fear of infection, worries because of professional responsibilities, and worries because of restricted mobility. These factors had significant dose-dependent association with stress and were significantly associated with more frequent handwashing by dental academics (B = 0.56, 0.33, and 0.34) and avoiding crowded places (B = 0.55, 0.30, and 0.28). Low country fatality rates were significantly associated with more handwashing (B = -2.82) and avoiding crowded places (B = -6.61). Training on public health emergencies was not significantly associated with behavior change (B = -0.01 and -0.11). Conclusions COVID-19 had a considerable psychological impact on dental academics. There was a direct, dose-dependent association between change in behaviors and worries but no association between these changes and training on public health emergencies. More change in behaviors was associated with lower country COVID-19 fatality rates. Fears and stresses were associated with greater adoption of preventive measures against the pandemic.
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    Perceived Preparedness of Dental Academic Institutions to Cope with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-Country Survey
    (MDPI, 2021) Ammar, Nour; Aly, Nourhan M.; Oluwatoyin Folayan, Morenike; Khader, Yousef; Mohebbi, Simin Z.; Attia, Sameh; Howaldt, Hans-Peter; Boettger, Sebastian; Virtanen, Jorma; Madi, Marwa; Maharani, Diah A.; Rahardjo, Anton; Khan, Imran; Al-Batayneh, Ola B.; Rashwan, Maher,; Pavlic, Verica; Cicmil, Smiljka; Noritake, Kanako; Galluccio, Gabriella; Polimeni, Antonella; Shamala, Anas A.; Arheiam, Arheiam; Mancino, Davide; Phantumvanit, Prathip; Kim, Jin-Bom; Choi, Youn-Hee; Dama, Mai A.; Abdelsalam, Maha M.; Castillo, Jorge L.; Nyan, Myat; Hussein, Iyad; Joury, Easter; Vukovic, Ana P.; Iandolo, Alfredo; Kemoli, Arthur M.; Tantawi, Maha El
    Dental academic institutions are affected by COVID-19. We assessed the perceived COVID- 19 preparedness of these institutions and the characteristics of institutions with greater perceived preparedness. An international cross-sectional survey of dental academics was conducted from March to August 2020 to assess academics’ and institutional attributes, perceived preparedness, and availability of infection prevention and control (IPC) equipment. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified perceived preparedness components. Multilevel linear regression analysis assessed the association between perceived preparedness and fixed effect factors (academics’ and institutions’ attributes) with countries as random effect variable. Of the 1820 dental academics from 28 countries, 78.4% worked in public institutions and 75.2% reported temporary closure. PCA showed five components: clinic apparel, measures before and after patient care, institutional policies, and availability of IPC equipment. Significantly less perceived preparedness was reported in lower-middle income (LMICs) (B = 􀀀1.31, p = 0.006) and upper-middle income (UMICs) (B = 􀀀0.98, p = 0.02) countries than in high-income countries (HICs), in teaching only (B = 􀀀0.55, p < 0.0001) and in research only (B = 􀀀1.22, p = 0.003) than teaching and research institutions and in institutions receiving 100 patients daily than those receiving >100 patients (B = 􀀀0.38, p < 0.0001). More perceived preparedness was reported by academics with administrative roles (B = 0.59, p < 0.0001). Academics from low-income countries (LICs) and LMICs reported less availability of clinic apparel, IPC equipment, measures before patient care, and institutional policies but more measures during patient care. There was greater perceived preparedness in HICs and institutions with greater involvement in teaching, research, and patient care.