Медицински факултет [Научни радови] / Faculty of Medicine [Scientific papers]

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A comprehensive assessment of medical schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina
(Wiley, 2006) Šimunović, Vladimir J.; Sonntag, Hans-Gu¨nther; Hren, Darko; Dørup, Jens; Krivokuća, Zdenka; Bokonjić, Dejan; Verhaaren, Henry; Horsch, Axel; Mimica, Mladen; Vojniković, Benjamin; Selesković, Hajrija; Marz, Richard; Marušić, Ana; Marušić, Matko
OBJECTIVES To perform internal and external evaluations of all 5 medical schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina against international standards. METHODS We carried out a 2-stage survey study using the same 5-point Likert scale for internal and external evaluations of 5 medical schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Banja Luka, Foča ⁄East Sarajevo, Mostar, Sarajevo and Tuzla). Participants consisted of managerial staff, teaching staff and students of medical schools, and external expert assessors. Main outcome measures included scores on internal and external evaluation forms for 10 items concerning aspects of school curriculum and functioning: "School mission and objectives"; "Curriculum"; "Management"; "Staff"; "Students"; "Facilities and technology"; "Financial issues"; "International relationships"; "Internal quality assurance", and "Development plans". RESULTS During internal assessment, schools consistently either overrated their overall functioning (Foča ⁄ East Sarajevo, Mostar and Tuzla) or markedly overrated or underrated their performance on individual items on the survey (Banja Luka and Sarajevo). Scores for internal assessment differed from those for external assessment. These differences were not consistent, except for the sections "School mission and objectives", "Curriculum" and "Development plans", which were consistently overrated in the internal assessments. External assessments was more positive than internal assessments on "Students" and "Facilities and technology" in 3 of 5 schools. CONCLUSIONS This assessment exercise in 5 medical schools showed that constructive and structured evaluation of medical education is possible, even in complex and unfavourable conditions. Medical schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina have successfully formed a national consortium for formal collaboration in curriculum development and reform.
The Effect of Potassium Channel Opener Pinacidil on the Non-Pregnant Rat Uterus
(Wiley, 2007) Novakovic, Radmila; Milovanovic, Slobodan; Protic, Dragana; Djokic, Jelena; Heinle, Helmut; Gojkovic-Bukarica, Ljiljana
The effects of the K+ channel opener, pinacidil on the spontaneous rhythmic contractions and contractions provoked by electrical field stimulation (50 Hz) or by oxytocin were investigated in the isolated uterus of the non-pregnant rat in oestrus. Pinacidil produced more potent inhibition of oxytocin-elicited contractions than of spontaneous rhythmic contractions or electrical field stimulation-induced contractions. Glibenclamide, a selective blocker of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, antagonized the pinacidil-induced inhibition of contractions elicited by oxytocin in a competitive manner. However, the pinacidil-induced inhibition of electrical field stimulation-elicited contractions and spontaneous rhythmic contractions was antagonized non-competitively by glibenclamide. In the uterine strips precontracted with 80 mM K+, the pinacidil-induced maximal relaxation was not affected. The present data show that pinacidil exhibits potent relaxant properties in the rat non-pregnant uterus in oestrus and therefore should be taken into account as a possible agent for treatment of dysmenorrhoea. Based on glibenclamide affinity, it appears that the inhibitory response to pinacidil involves KATP channels. We need further investigations to explain why the interaction between glibenclamide and pinacidil in this experimental model depends on the nature of contractions. The ability of pinacidil to completely relax the rat non-pregnant uterus pre-contracted with K+ -rich solution suggests that K+ channel-independent mechanism(s) also play a part in its relaxant effect.
Registration and analysis of bioelectric activity of sensory-motor cortex during the electrical stimulation of nucleus caudate in rats
(Association of Basic Medical Sciences Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2007) Medenica-Milanović, Snežana; Ristić, Siniša; Turuntaš, Vladimir; Mirić, Mirjana; Kulić, Milan
Background and purpose: The caudate circuit takes part in cognitive control of motor activity. The purpose of the present work was registration and analysis of basic bioelectrical activity of ventral and dorsal sensory-motor cortex and nucleus caudate, study of the changes in EEG after nucleus caudate electrical stimulation and to identify of threshold level of electrical stimuli responsible for changes of electrical activity in registered brain area. Materials and methods: We used 28 albino Wistar rat of both genders. After the animal fixation on stereotaxic apparatus to dry bone, the places for electrode fixation were marked. Two days after the electrodes had been implanted an EEG was registered so that the animals would adjust to the conditions and so they would repair the tissue reactions. EEG was registered with bipolar electrodes with ten-channeled apparatus. For first half an hour spontaneous activity of the brain was registered, and after that the head of nucleus caudate was stimulated with altered impulses of various voltages, frequency and duration. Results and conclusions: Threshold values of electric stimulus intensity from 3 to 5 V, frequency from 3 to 5 Hz, duration from 3 to 5 ms, by stimulation the head of nucleus caudate of rat, lead to the change of basal bioelectric activity of cerebrum. Th e change of bioelectric activity is firstly recorded in equilateral cortex, and with the higher intensity of the stimulus the changes overtake the contra lateral cortex.
Prevalence of Antibodies to Rickettsiae in Different Regions of Serbia
(Mary Ann Liebert Inc., 2008) SAMARDZIC, SVETOMIR; MARINKOVIC, TATJANA; MARINKOVIC, DRAGAN; DJURICIC, BOSILJKA; RISTANOVIC, ELIZABETA; SIMOVIC, TATJANA; LAKO, BRANISLAV; VUKOV, BILJANA; BOZOVIC, BOZOVIC; GLIGIC, ANA
We assayed the presence of antibodies specific for Rickettsia typhi, R. akari, and R. conorii in sera of persons from several localities in Serbia with different geographic, climatic, and lifestyle characteristics. Sera from 140 patients with unclear clinical symptoms and 273 healthy persons were tested for the presence of rickettsiae-specific antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay. In this study, for the first time we detected the presence of rickettsiae from the spotted fever group in Serbia. We detected the presence of antibodies against R. conorii in the samples from all tested localities. The proportion of positive cases was low in the plain agricultural areas but reached up to 23% in the mountain areas. We also observed a significant number of cases positive for antibodies against R. akari. Antibodies specific for the antigens of R. typhi were detected in only 2 samples from the municipality of Pec (Kosovo region). These findings contribute to the prevalence of Rickettsia species in Southeast Europe. Our study also revealed a dramatic lack of awareness of rickettsioses among medical personnel and pointed to the need for urgent measures that would help improve the current situation in the region.
EFFECT OF PROTAMINE SULFATE ON THE ISOLATED MESENTERIC ARTERIES OF NORMOTENSIVE AND SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS
(Institute for Biological Research, Serbia, 2008) OREŠČANIN-DUŠIĆ, ZORANA; MILOVANOVIĆ, S.; SPASIĆ, M.; RADOJIČIĆ, R.; BLAGOJEVIĆ, D.
We tested the relaxant effect of increased protamine sulfate (PS) amounts (10, 20, 50, 100 and 150 μg/ml) on the isolated mesenteric arteries of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats, with or without endothelium. PS caused concentration-dependent relaxation of isolated mesenteric arteries in both types of rats. The relaxation effect of PS was lower in SH rats than in normotensive ones. Our results indicate that the vascular smooth muscles play a significant role in PS-mediated relaxation.
TMD chronic pain and masseter silent period in psychiatric patients on antidepressive therapy
(Wiley, 2008) IVKOVIC, N.; MLADENOVIC, I.; PETKOVIC, S.; STOJIC, D.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term effects of antidepressive therapy on chronic pain and related disability, and masseter silent period in psychiatric depressive patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The study included hospitalized psychiatric depressive patients on antidepressive therapy protocol (tetracyclic antidepressant-maprotiline and anxiolyticdiazepam) (n = 30) and non-psychiatric patients seeking prosthodontic treatment (control group, n = 38). TMD were diagnosed by Research Diagnostic Criteria for temporomandibular disorders proposed by Dworkin and LeResche. The surface electromyography was recorded from left and right masseter muscles and masseter inhibitory reflex (masseter silent period) was recorded after mechanical stimulation. The incidence of TMD appearance was very similar, of aproximately 40% in both group of patients. The results of the study also indicated a higher prevalence of joint related TMD, a lower prevalence of muscular subtype of TMD and a lower grade of chronic pain and related disability in the psychiatric group of patients on antidepressive therapy in comparison with findings in the control group. In the patients on antidepressive therapy with TMD masseter silent period was not prolonged, while in the control group of patients with TMD the prolongation of the silent period was observed. The study provided evidence that long-term, combined therapy (maprotiline and diazepam) in psychiatric depressive patients significantly modulated signs and symptoms of TMD in comparison with the control group.
Simvastatin and Indomethacin Have Similar Anti-Inflammatory Activity in a Rat Model of Acute Local Inflammation
(Wiley, 2009) Nežić, Lana; Škrbić, Ranko; Dobrić, Silva; Stojiljković, Miloš P.; Jaćević, Vesna; Stoisavljević Šatara, Svjetlana; Milovanović, Zoran A.; Stojaković, Nataša
Statins, such as simvastatin, lower circulating cholesterol levels and are widely prescribed for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. Several studies have shown unexpected effects of statins on inflammation. We studied the anti-inflammatory effect of simvastatin using a standard model of an acute local inflammation, the carrageenan-induced footpad oedema. Experimental groups (n=6–8) were given simvastatin in a dose range 5–30 mg/kg, indomethacin 1–8 mg/kg and methylcellulose (control)per os. Footpad volume was measured with a plethysmograph and compared with the pre-injection volume of the same paw. Swelling (in microlitres) was then calculated, and in drug-treated animals, per cent inhibition was derived through comparison with the control group. Histopathological examination of the skin biopsies was performed to examine severity of paw skin lesions and to confirm the simvastatin-induced inhibition of acute inflammation. Both simvastatin and indomethacin administered orally, 1 hr before carrageenan injection, significantly reduced the extent of footpad oedema. Indomethacin dose-dependently blocked the swelling; the maximal effect was obtained with 8 mg/kg by 48.3% (P<0.05). Simvastatin produced a comparable anti-inflammatory activity at a dose of 5 mg/kg (32%), while 10 and 30 mg/kg caused a 47.6% and 51.7% reduction, respectively, with the maximal effect observed at 20 mg/kg by 57.2% (P<0.05). The comparison of the ED50 of these agents on molar basis showed equipotent anti-inflammatory activity. Histopathological examination of the footpad skin biopsies revealed that simvastatin, dose-dependently and comparablly to indomethacin, reduced polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltration. These data support the hypothesis that simvastatin has an acute anti-inflammatory activity.
Hydrogen peroxide affects contractile activity and anti-oxidant enzymes in rat uterus
(Wiley, 2009) Appiah, I.; Milovanovic, S.; Radojicic, R.; Nikolic-Kokic, A.; Orescanin-Dusic, Z.; Slavic. M.; Trbojevic, S.; Skrbic, R.; Spasic, M. B.; Blagojevic, D.
Background and purpose: The effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on uterine smooth muscle are not well studied. We have investigated the effect and the mechanism of action of exogenous hydrogen peroxide on rat uteri contractile activity [spontaneous and calcium ion (Ca2+)-induced] and the effect of such treatment on anti-oxidative enzyme activities. Experimental approach: Uteri were isolated from virgin Wistar rats and suspended in an organ bath. Uteri were allowed to contract spontaneously or in the presence of Ca2+ (6 mM) and treated with H2O2 (2 mM–3 mM) over 2 h. Anti-oxidative enzyme activities (manganese superoxide dismutase-MnSOD, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase-CuZnSOD, catalase-CAT, glutathione peroxidase-GSHPx and glutathione reductase-GR) in H2O2-treated uteri were compared with those in uteri immediately frozen after isolation or undergoing spontaneous or Ca2+-induced contractions, without treatment with H2O2. The effect of inhibitors (propranolol, methylene blue, L-NAME, tetraethylamonium, glibenclamide and 4-aminopyridine) on H2O2-mediated relaxation was explored. Key results: H2O2 caused concentration-dependent relaxation of both spontaneous and Ca2+-induced uterine contractions. After H2O2 treatment, GSHPx and MnSOD activities were increased, while CuZnSOD and GR (In Ca2+-induced rat uteri) were decreased. Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester antagonized the effect of H2O2 on Ca2+-induced contractions. H2O2-induced relaxation was not affected by propranolol, potentiated by methylene blue and antagonized by tetraethylamonium, 4-aminopyridine and glibenclamide, with the last compound being the least effective. Conclusions and implications: H2O2 induced dose-dependent relaxation of isolated rat uteri mainly via changes in voltagedependent potassium channels. Decreasing generation of reactive oxygen species by stimulation of anti-oxidative pathways may lead to new approaches to the management of dysfunctional uteri.
Effect of simvastatin on proinflammatory cytokines production during lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in rats
(Slovak Academy of Sciences, 2009) Nežić, Lana; Škrbić, Ranko; Dobrić, Silva; Stojiljković, Miloš P.; Šatara, Svjetlana S.; Milovanović, Zoran A.; Stojaković, Nataša
The effect of simvastatin applied in a short-term pretreatment on proinflammatory cytokines production in acute systemic inflammation induced by endotoxin – lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats was investigated. Both LPS and simvastatin doses were established in separate experiments in which increasing doses of both compounds were given to obtain the LD50 LPS and the maximally protective dose of simvastatin against LD50 LPS. To determine the anti-inflammatory effect, simvastatin was given orally for 5 days, followed by a single intraperitoneal non-lethal dose of LPS (0.25 LD50). Plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The acute i.p. LD50 LPS amounted to 22.15 mg/kg. Simvastatin of 20 mg/kg p.o. was maximally protective against LD50 LPS, and this dose was used for studying its effects on LPS-induced cytokines production. Cytokines concentrations were significantly increased upon challenge of non-lethal dose of LPS. The peak levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly suppressed by simvastatin, compared to control rats only treated with dimethylsulfoxide before LPS. In contrast, simvastatin did not affect IL-6 levels at all timepoints. Simvastatin pretreatment given orally produced acute anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting TNF-α and IL-1β, but no IL-6 production.
Effects of protamine sulphate on spontaneous and calcium-induced contractile activity in the rat uterus are potassium channels-mediated
(Slovak Academy of Sciences, 2009) Oreščanin-Dušić, Zorana; Milovanović, Slobodan; Radojičić, Ratko; Nikolić-Kokić, Aleksandra; Appiah, Isabella; Slavić, Marija; Čutura, Neđo; Trbojević, Stevan; Spasić, Mihajlo; Blagojević, Duško
Protamine sulphate (PS) effect on spontaneous and calcium-induced rhythmic contractions of isolated virgin rat uteri was studied. PS caused dose-dependent relaxation of both types of contractions (two-way ANOVA, significant dose effects). Pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10–5 mol/l), methylene blue (MB; 0.9 × 10–6 mol/l) or propranolol (1.7 × 10–5 mol/l) enhanced PS-mediated uterine muscle relaxation of spontaneous contractions. Dosedependent relaxation of spontaneous active isolated rat uterus with PS was lower in uteri pretreated with single dose of tetraethylammonium (TEA; 6 × 10–3 mol/l), glibenclamide (2 × 10–6 mol/l) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 10–3 mol/l). Calcium-induced activity of the isolated rat uterus pretreated with the same concentration of L-NAME, MB, or propranolol modified the kinetic of PS-induced relaxation without changes in EC50 values. Pre-treatment with glibenclamide, TEA and 4-AP significantly reduce PS relaxing effect of calcium-induced activity and according to EC50 values the order of magnitude was glibenclamide > TEA > 4-AP. PS is mixture of polyamines and may activate different signal-transduction pathways. Our results cleary demonstrate that in uterine smooth muscle PS act dominantly through potassium chanels and marginaly through β-adrenergic receptos or nitric oxide-dependent pathways.
Diethyldithiocarbamate potentiates the effects of protamine sulphate in the isolated rat uterus
(Taylor & Francis, 2009) Oreščanin-Dusić, Zorana; Milovanović, Slobodan; Blagojević, Duško; Nikolić-Kokić, Aleksandra; Radojičić, Ratko; Spasojević, Ivan; Spasić, Mihajlo
Protamine sulphate causes potassium ion channel-mediated relaxation of spontaneous and calcium ion-induced contractions of the isolated rat uterus. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) potentiated the effect of protamine sulphate. A mechanism for DDC’s action was postulated on the basis of its interactions with divalent iron ions and Cu,Zn-SOD. DDC chelates divalent iron ions creating DDC-iron (Fe-DDC) complexes. Fe-DDC forms stable NO-Fe-DDC2 complexes by NO scavenging and de-nitrosylation processes, which in combination with DDC (5 mM) provoke inhibition of Cu,Zn-SOD resulting in specific oxidative conditions culminating in potassium ion channel opening, membrane hyperpolarisation, inhibition of calcium ion influx and subsequent muscle relaxation. As Fe-DDC and NO-Fe-DDC2 complexes exclude divalent iron ions from participating in the hydroxyl radical generating Fenton reaction, DDC can also prevent iron-related pathophysiological manifestations. Such permissive roles of DDC open the possibility for application of its pharmacological form (disulfiram) to a wider spectrum of pathophysiological conditions related to smooth muscles.
INFLUENCE OF MODULATORS OF RELAXANT EFFECT OF PENTOXYPHYLLINE IN ISOLATED RAT UTERUS
(University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, 2010) Kordic-Bojinovic, Jelena; Jokanovic, Dragana; Stankovic, Dragana; Jankovic, Slobodan; Milovanovic, Slobodan R.
Background. Pentoxyphylline is a methylxanthine derivative used in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases. One eff ect of pentoxyphylline action is the vasodilatation of blood vessels. In this study, the eff ect of increasing concentrations of pentoxyphylline on contractility of isolated rat uteri was examined. Methods. Uteri were isolated from virgin Wistar rats (180–220 g) and suspended in an isolated organ bath chamber containing De Jalon’s solution and aerated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Th e temperature was maintained at 37ºC. Isometric contractions were recorded using an isometric force transducer (Ugo Basile). Th e preload of the preparation was about 1 g. Uteri were allowed to contract spontaneously or in the presence of Ca2+ (6 mM) and were treated with pentoxyphylline. Results. Pentoxyphylline caused concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous rhythmic uterine activity and uterine activity induced by calcium. We showed that the inhibitory eff ect of pentoxyphylline depends on the type of muscle contraction activation, and that it is signifi cantly stronger in spontaneous contractions induced by calcium Ca2+. As opposed to methylene blue, L-arginine and glibenclamide did not antagonise the relaxing eff ect of pentoxyphylline on the isolated rat uterus. Conclusion. Our results suggest that the signaling pathway by which pentoxyphylline causes relaxation of uterine muscle cells does not involve NO because the presence of Larginine did not aff ect the action of the drug; however, it may depend on an NO-independent cGMP signaling pathway because the presence of methylene blue signifi cantly antagonised the eff ect of pentoxyphylline. Th ese results indicate that pentoxyphylline could be a potential tocolytic drug.
Antidotal effect of combinations obidoxime/HI-6 and memantine in mice poisoned with soman, dichlorvos or heptenophos
(Ministry of Defance, Serbia, 2011) Antonijević, Biljana; Stojiljković, Miloš P.; Bokonjić, Dubravko; Vučinić, Slavica
In acute organophosphate poisoning the issue of special concern is the appearance of muscle fasciculations and convulsions that cannot be adequately antagonised by the use of atropine and oxime therapy. The aim of this study was to examine atidotal effect of obidoxime or HI-6 combinations with memantine in mice poisoned with soman, dichlorvos or heptenophos. Methods. Male Albino mice were pretreated intravenously (iv) with increasing doses of oximes and/or memantine (10 mg/kg) at various times before poisoning with 1.3 LD-50 of soman, dichlorvos or heptenophos, in order to determine the median effective dose and the efficacy half-time. In a separate experiment, cerebral extravasation of Evans blue dye (40 mg/kg iv) was examined after application of memantine (10 mg/kg iv), midazolam (2.5 mg/kg intraperitonealy – ip) and ketamine (20 mg/kg ip) 5 minutes before soman (1 LD-50 subcutaneously – sc). Results. Coadministration of memantine induced a significant decrease in median effective dose in null time of both HI-6 (7.96 vs 1.79 moL/kg in soman poisoning) and obidoxime (16.80 vs 2.75 moL/kg in dichlorvos poisoning; 21.56 vs 6.63 moL/kg in heptenophos poisoning). Memantine and midazolam succeded to counteract the soman-induced proconvulsive activity. Conclusion. Memantine potentiated the antidotal effect of HI-6 against a lethal dose of soman, as well as the ability of obidoxime to antagonize the toxic effects of dichlorvos and heptenophos probably partly due to its anticonvulsive properties
Realizations of Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases in Professional Medical Texts in English Language
(University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Serbia, 2011) Krulj, Slobodanka; Prodanović, Bojana; Trbojević, Stevan
Prepositions and prepositional phrases play an important role in the professional medical register in English and they are very abundant. Realization of the prepositions in medical texts could cause difficulties to non-native English language speakers scientists. The subject of this paper is prepositions with their meanings (single and multiple). Preposition cannot appear independently and therefore we treated it together with its prepositional complement with which it forms prepositional phrases. In this paper we were not focused on the prepositional phrase functions within other sentence structures (phrases or clauses) but on internal relationship between preposition and its complement, especially on prepositions and prepositional phrase meanings in professional medical texts.
Razvoj zdravstvene kulture u Srbiji u prvoj polovini 19. veka
(Ministry of Defance, Serbia, 2011) Ristić, Slavica; Ristić, Siniša; Jović, Sladjana
Screen viewing, body mass index, cigarette smoking and sleep duration in Belgrade University student population: results of an observational, cross-sectional study
(Sociedad Medica de Santiago, 2011) PANTIC, IGOR; MALBASA, MILICA; RISTIC, SINISA; TURJACANIN, DRENKA; MEDENICA, SNEZANA; PAUNOVIC, JOVANA; PANTIC, SENKA
Background: Subjects that spend more time working on computers or watching television could have a higher body mass index. Aim: To assess the relationship between time spent in front of a screen and studying, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and sleep duration among university students. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 734 randomly selected students aged 21 ± 2 years (450 females) that responded an anonymous, structured questionnaire about time spent watching television or in front of a computer, time spent studying, number of daily hours of sleep, smoking habits and number of daily meals. Body mass index was also calculated for all subjects Results: Among males, the number of daily sleep hours, time spent working with computers and number of daily meals were signifi cantly higher and time spent studying was signifi cantly lower than females. Nonsmokers ate a signifi cantly higher number of meals and spent less time watching television. No association was observed between time spent in front of a screen and number of sleep hours of body mass index. Conclusions: Men and smokers spend more time working in computers. There is no association between body mass index and time spent in front of screens.
POTASSIUM CHANNELS OPENER PINACIDIL HAVE MULTIPLE EFFECTS ON KCl-ELICITED CONTRACTIONS OF ISOLATED NON-PREGNANT RAT UTERUS
(University of Belgrade - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade, 2011) NOVAKOVIĆ, RADMILA; MILOVANOVIĆ, S.; ĆUPIĆ, V.; GOJKOVIĆ-BUKARICA, LJILJANA
The effects of K+ channel opener, pinacidil on contractions provoked by contraction-stimulating KCl were investigated on isolated uterus of non-pregnant rats in oestrus. Pinacidil produced a more potent inhibition of 20 mM KCl–elicited contractions (pD2 = 6.57 M) than of 40 or 80mMKCl–elicited contractions (pD2=5.11 and 5.19 M, respectively). Glibenclamide, a selective blocker of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, antagonized the pinacidil-induced inhibition of contractions elicited by 20 mM KCl in a competitive manner. However, the pinacidil-induced inhibition of contractions provoked by 40 and 80 mM KCl glibenclamide was unable to prevent them. Pinacidil ability to completely relax the non-pregnant uterus pre-contracted with K+-rich solution suggests that K+ channelindependent mechanism(s) also plays a part in its relaxant effect.
Optimal dose of an anesthetic in epidural anesthesia and its effect on labor duration and administration of vacuum extractor and forceps
(IMR Press Limited, 2011) Čutura, N.; Soldo, V.; Milovanović, S. R.; Oreščanin-Dušić, Z.; Ćurković, A.; Tomović, B.; Janković-Ražnatović, S.
This study examined the factors that influence the optimal dose of epidural anesthesia (EA), its effect on labor duration, and the frequency of vacuum and forceps administration at the end of delivery. The study group included 100 women who underwent vaginal delivery with EA with administration of 0.125% bupivacaine. A control group included 100 vaginally delivered women, without EA administration. In both groups delivery was stimulated by syntocinon. The level of labor pain influenced the optimal bolus dose of EA more than the body mass. However, the maintenance dose was influenced by both of these factors equally. Labor in the study group was somewhat shorter. In the group with EA the percentage of forceps and vacuum extractor application was twice that in the control group. There was no difference in average value of 5-minute Apgar scor in newborns
Influence of Realization of Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases on Their Proper Use in Professional Medical Texts in English
(University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Serbia, 2011) Krulj, Slobodanka; Prodanović, Bojana; Trbojević, Stevan
Realization of prepositions and prepositional phrases in professional medical texts in English may affect the proper selection of certain prepositions. Also, the use of prepositions is affected by literal translation into English. Today, the English language is the basic language for communication in biomedical sciences, and one of the problems that arises is the proper use of English by scientist non-native English speakers. A review of randomly selected medical professional journals and papers identified some typical misuse of prepositions that can be caused by different realizations of prepositions.
Assessment of recombinant human thyrotropin application in following-up patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma
(Ministry of Defance, Serbia, 2012) Rajkovača, Zvezdana; Kovačević, Pedja; Stanetić, Mirko; Ristić, Siniša
Background/Aim. The most sensitive indicators for detecting recurrence of well-differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) are 131I whole body scintigraphy (WBS) and measurement of serum thyroglobulin (Tg). In order to perform it, it is necessary to raise the level of endogenous tiroidstimulating hormon (TSH), which can be achieved by Lthyroxine withdrawal for 3–5 weeks or administration of recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) without requiring the discontinuation of thyroid hormone therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of rhTSH using in comparison to the traditional thyroid hormone withdrawal in the follow-up of patients with DTC. Methods. This retrospective study included 44 patients, mean age 48.8 years, with DTC divided into 2 groups. The group I consisted of patients (n = 31) in which the analysis in the follow-up (WBS with 131I, TSH, Tg and antiTgAt) made in the hypothyroid state, and group II patients (n = 13) in which they made after the administration of rhTSH. The presence of 13 symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism was investigated on the day of giving 131I. Quality of life was evaluated using a modified form: the quality of life scale (SF-36) completed on the day of giving 131I. Results. In both groups, serum TSH reached a very good stimulation level, but significantly higher in the group II (group I 30.3–101.5 􀆬lU/mL, group II 68.6–192.0 􀆬lU/mL, p < 0.05). In both groups, TSHstimulated Tg was higher (group I 0.1–546.0 ng/mL, group II 0.1–7517 ng/mL) comapred to value during the Lthyroxine therapy (group I 0.1–495.0 ng/mL, group II 0.1– 2785 ng/mL). There was no difference in technical quality of WBS obtained from both groups. The patients in the group I had attended 8–13 symptoms of hypothyroidism, while patients in group II did not have symptoms of hypothyroidism. The patients after application of rhTSH, showed statistically significantly better quality of life as compared with those who showed to have L-thyroxine withdrawal, (74–91 points vs 43–62 points; p < 0.05). The rhTSH was well tolerated, with nausea occurring in only one patient. Conclusion. Administration of rhTSH in the follow-up of patients with DTC prevents the debilitating effects of hypothyroidism contributing to the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis of the organism and preserves the quality of life. RhTSH is safe, effective and easy to use, but is still an expensive product in our country

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